2. 外语
  3. Public officials and candidates for public office routinely use public opinion polls to keep track of what the people are thinki

Public officials and candidates for public office routinely use public opinion polls to keep track of what the people are thinki

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问题    Public officials and candidates for public office routinely use public opinion polls to keep track of what the people are thinking. An important question is the degree to which these polls should guide leaders in their actions. There are arguments for and against the use of polls as the basis for policy decisions.
   Polls can contribute to effective government by keeping political leaders from getting too far out of line with the public’s thinking. In a democratic society, the effectiveness of a public policy often dep. ends on the extent of its public support. When a policy is contrary to the public’s desires, people may choose to disregard or undermine it, thus making it counterproductive or inefficient. Further, when government pursues a course of action with which a large proportion of the public disagrees, it risks a loss of public confidence, which can have a negative effect on its ability to lead. The Reagan administration, flying high from 1981 to 1985 ,was brought low in 1986 by public reaction to news of its secret sales of weapons to Iran. The administration had not paid sufficient attention to polls that revealed the deep antagonism American still felt toward Iran be cause the Ayatollah Khomeini’s regime has held sixty-three American hostages in 1979 - 1981.
   However, leaders can also do a disservice to the public they represent by using poll results as a substitute for policy judgment. "Effective government", as Walter Lippmann wrote, "cannot be conducted by legislators and officials who, when a question is presented, ask themselves first and last not what is the truth and which is the right and necessary course, but what does the Gallup Poll say?" During his presidential term, Jimmy Carter proposed five consecutive inflation-fighting programs, changing his plans with each shift in public sentiment without having invested the political capital necessary to get Congress and the country behind any of the efforts. The nation -- and Carter -- would probably have been better served by a steadfast commitment to a single course of action.
What Walt Lippmann means is that ______.
选项 A、some government leaders can never run the government effectively
B、in solving any problem, leaders should first try to find out the public opinion on it
C、good leaders should learn to disregard public opinion in policy making
D、leaders should base his decisions on sound judgment and act with determination
答案D
解析 由题干Walt Lippmann定位到第三段第二句，当出现问题时，立法者和政府官员不是综合考虑，自己判断事情的真相以及要采取何种正确和必要的行动，而是去询问“盖洛普”民意调查的结果，因此不能把高效的政府交给他们去管理。可见执政者要有自己的头脑和见解，因此排除[B]，选[D]。领导者在自己合理的判断的基础上决策要当机立断，坚决执行，但并非不尊重公众意见，因此排除[C]；[A]与Lippman所说内容无关，故排除。
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