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  3. When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholester

When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholester

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问题    When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholesterol, blood pressure, and body weight. But poor diet and physical inactivity also each increase the risk of heart disease and have a role to play in the development of some cancers. Perhaps worse, the【C1】______effects of an unhealthy diet and insufficient exercise are not limited to your body. Recent research has also shown that【C2】______in a high-fat and high-sugar diet may have negative effects on your brain, causing learning and memory【C3】______.
   Studies have found obesity is associated with impairments in cognitive functioning, as【C4】______by a range of learning and memory tests, such as the ability to remember a list of words presented some minutes or hours earlier. There is also a growing body of evidence that diet-induced cognitive impairments can emerge【C5】______—within weeks or even days. For example, one study found healthy adults【C6】______to a high-fat diet for five days showed impaired attention, memory, and mood compared with a low-fat diet control group. Another study also found eating a high-fat and high-sugar breakfast each day for as little as four days resulted in problems with learning and memory【C7】______to those observed in overweight and obese individuals.
   Body weight was not hugely different between the groups eating a healthy diet and those on high fat and sugar diets. So this shows negative【C8】______of poor dietary intake can occur even when body weight has not changed【C9】______Thus, body weight is not always the best indicator of health and a thin person still needs to eat well and exercise【C10】______.
   A) assessed F) designated K) loopholes
   B) assigned G) detrimental D rapidly
   C) consequences H) digestion M) redundant
   D) conspicuously I) excelling N) regularly
   E) deficits J) indulging O) similar
【C5】
选项
答案L
解析 [语法判断]空格前面是不及物动词emerge，其后是表示时间的介词短语within weeks or even days，因此推断空格处应填入副词作状语，且应与时间概念有关。[语义判断]空格所在句指出，越来越多的证据也表明，由饮食引发的认知受损可以在几周甚至几天内出现。副词rapidly“迅速地，快速地”填入空格处，表示这种情况会迅速出现，与上下文意思相符，故L)为答案。
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