首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably linke
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably linke
admin
2022-06-18
46
问题
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably linked for centuries. This notion is apparent in the origin of our word "pharmacy," which comes from the Greek
pharmakon
, meaning "purification through purging."
By 3500 B.C., the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley had developed virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs. They used gargles, inhalations, pills, lotions, ointments, and plasters. The first drug catalog, or pharmacopoeia, was written at that time by an unknown Sumerian physician. Preserved in cuneiform script on a single clay tablet are the names of dozens of drugs to treat ailments that still afflict us today.
The Egyptians added to the ancient medicine chest. The Ebers papyrus, a scroll dating from the 1900 B.C. and named after the German Egyptologist George Ebers, reveals the trial-and-error know-how acquired by early Egyptian physicians. To relieve indigestion, a chew of peppermint leaves and carbonates (known today as antacids) was prescribed, and to numb the pain of tooth extraction, Egyptian doctors temporarily stupefied a patient with ethyl alcohoL The scroll also provides a rare glimpse into the hierarchy of ancient drug preparation. The "chief of the preparers of drugs" was the equivalent of a head pharmacist, who supervised the "collectors of drugs", field workers who gathered essential minerals and herbs. The "preparers’ aides," (technicians) dried and pulverized ingredients, which were blended according to certain formulas by the "preparers." And the "conservator of drugs" oversaw the storehouse where local and imported mineral, herb and animal-organ ingredients were kept.
By the 7th century BC, the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated mind-body view of medicine. They believed the physician must pursue the diagnosis and treatment of the physical (body) causes of disease within a scientific framework, as well as cure the supernatural (mind) components involved. Thus, the early Greek physician emphasized something of a
holistic
approach to health, even if the suspected "mental" causes of disease were not recognized as stress and depression, but interpreted as curses from displeased deities.
The modern era of pharmacology began in the 16th century, ushered in by the first major discoveries in chemistry. The understanding of how chemicals interact to produce certain effects within the body would eventually remove much of the guesswork and magic from medicine. Drugs had been launched on a scientific course, but centuries would pass before superstition was displaced by scientific fact One major reason was that physicians, unaware of the existence of disease-causing
pathogens
, continued to dream up imaginary causative evils. And though new chemical compounds emerged, their effectiveness in treating disease was still based largely on trial and error. Many standard, common drugs in the medicine chest were developed in this trial-and-error environment Such is the complexity of disease and human biochemistry that even today, despite enormous strides in medical science, many of the latest sophisticated additions to our medicine chest shelves were accidental finds.
The word "holistic" underlined in Paragraph 4 means _____.
选项
A、modern
B、comprehensive
C、psychological
D、logical
答案
B
解析
holistic意为“全面的,整体的”,选项中comprehensive“全面的”符合,故选B。也可以从语境判断,该词所在段在说明古希腊人治病时重视身体和精神两方面,也可据此推出holistic的含义。modern“现代的,时髦的”,psychological“心理的,心理学的”,logical“逻辑的,合理的”
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/FUuO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
TheChacoPhenomenonP1:Betweenabout900to1150AD,amysteriousStoneAgeculturearose,flourished,andthenvanishedinth
TheRoleoftheOceaninControllingClimateP1:Computermodelsareoneofthetoolsthatscientistsusetounderstandtheclim
AllastronautsAcarryapassportBduringtheyaretravelinginspaceCbecausetheymayneedituponDreturningtoEarth.
AfterAplowwasintroducedinBtheMiddleEast,itfreedCsomepeoplefromhavingtogrowDtheirfood.
1AftertheUnitedStatespurchasedLouisianafromFrance,PresidentJeffersoncalledforanexpeditiontoexplorethenewterri
1Thethreeenergy-yieldingfoodnutrientsarecarbohydrates,proteins,andfats.Theamountofenergyafoodprovidesdependso
Somepeopleprefertoworkforthemselvesorownabusiness.Othersprefertoworkforanemployer.Wouldyouratherbeself-emp
Whydoesthestudentgotoseethedirector?Choose2answers.Whydoesthedirectormentionthestudent’sfriends?
Veryspecifictest-takingtechniquesaretaughtinourclassthatarenotavailableandarenotpublishedinourbooks.
Motivationis"thedrivingforcewithinindividualsthatimpelsthemtoaction."Andgoalsarethesought-afterresults【C1】_____
随机试题
[A]Bepresent[B]Justsayit[C]Askforanopinion[D]Findthe"metoo"s[E]Name,places,things[F]S
ItisveryimportantforstudentswhoarestudyingEnglishasasecondlanguagetoreadsimpleEnglish.Somestudentsmaynotli
Mybrother,Henry,hasanexcellentjobatabank.Icouldn’t【C1】______him【C2】______hetoldmethathehaddecidedtogiveit【C3
InMay1927,atleastfourdifferentpeoplewereplanningtoflybetweenNewYorkandParis.Onthemorningof20May,noneoft
下列有关行政法规的说法哪项是错误的?()
以下各项不属于《中华人民共和国会计法》所规定的行政处罚类别的是()。
标准成本中心的考核指标,是既定产品质量和数量条件下的标准成本。()
《中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法》规定,国家保障妇女享有与男子平等的财产权利。对于妇女享有与男子平等的财产权利,下列说法正确的是:()。
班主任在组织开展班级活动时,应该注意的问题不包括()。
威尼斯面临的问题具有典型意义。一方面,为了解决市民的就业,增加城市的经济实力,必须保留和发展它的传统工业,这是旅游业所不能替代的经济发展的基础;另一方面,为了保护其独特的生态环境,必须杜绝工业污染,但是,发展工业将不可避免地导致工业污染。可见()
最新回复
(
0
)