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  3. Not all of the potential solutions to climate change are futuristic, expensive or exotic. In fact, most Americans can find one o

Not all of the potential solutions to climate change are futuristic, expensive or exotic. In fact, most Americans can find one o

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问题     Not all of the potential solutions to climate change are futuristic, expensive or exotic. In fact, most Americans can find one of the most significant carbon-reducing innovations of the last 30 years standing in their kitchens, keeping the butter hard.
    Refrigerators sold in the United States have grown 5% more energy efficient every year since 1975. Today they save 200 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity a year compared to what they’d use if they were still built to 30-year-old standards, or about a third of the annual output of all the nation’s nuclear plants. Upgraded fridges have lowered electricity bills for consumers and avoided millions of tons of carbon that would otherwise have been emitted by power plants. Heating and air-conditioning systems also have grown more efficient, and fluorescent lightbulbs are a big step ahead of power-hungry incandescents.
    Critics of government efforts to fend off global warming often complain that the economic costs aren’t worth the gains — better to adapt later to a warmer planet than suffer now by turning down the thermostat. This argument relies on a lot of dubious assumptions, starting with the notion that quality of life won’t be significantly reduced in a world plagued by drought, wildfires, increased disease and famine, more powerful storms, mass species extinction and higher sea levels. It also assumes that the cost of cleaning up after all that will be less than the cost of preventing it from happening.
    Nicholas Stern, former chief economist with the World Bank, estimates that failing to invest in cutting carbon would eventually cost up to 20% in lost income worldwide. The final report from the U. N. ’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change pointed out that adapting to global warming is a necessity because it’s too late to stop the process, but that doesn’t reduce the need to head off the worst effects.
    Global-warming deniers are right about one thing: Phasing out fossil fuels will be expensive. But the most effective way of doing so not only doesn’t add costs, it saves money and boosts economies. Energy efficiency is the fastest, safest and cheapest method currently available for cutting carbon emissions. It’s also one of the least understood, because it involves a lot more than adding insulation to buildings or installing power-sipping air conditioners. To make really hefty efficiency gains, the U. S. must follow California’s lead in restructuring incentives for utilities, and regulatory agencies should do much more to encourage important innovations such as cogeneration plants.
The author argues that______.
选项 A、it’s too late to stop the process of global warming
B、the investment in cutting carbon boosts economies
C、it’s obviously a necessity to adapt to global warming
D、the worst effects of global warming can be alleviated
答案D
解析 根据第四段最后一句中的“…but that doesn’t reduce the need to head off the worst effects”和最后一段第二、三句“But the most effective way…economies．Energy efficiency is…for cuttingcarbon emissions”，D应为答案。
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