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  3. A paradox of education is that presenting information in a way that looks easy to learn often has the opposite effect. Numerous

A paradox of education is that presenting information in a way that looks easy to learn often has the opposite effect. Numerous

admin2013-06-03  71
问题     A paradox of education is that presenting information in a way that looks easy to learn often has the opposite effect. Numerous studies have demonstrated that when people are forced to think hard about what they are shown they remember it better, so it is worth looking at ways this can be done. And a piece of research about to be published in Cognition, by Daniel Oppenheimer, a psychologist at Princeton University, and his colleagues, suggests a simple one: make the text conveying the information harder to read.
    Dr. Oppenheimer recruited 28 volunteers aged between 18 and 40 and asked them to learn, from written descriptions, about three "species" of extraterrestrial alien, each of which had seven features. This task was meant to be similar to learning about animal species in a biology lesson. It used aliens in place of actual species to be certain that the participants could not draw on prior knowledge.
    Half of the volunteers were presented with the information in difficult-to-read fonts (12-point Comic Sans MS 75% greyscale and 12-point Bodoni MT 75% greyscale). The other half saw it in 16-point Arial pure-black font, which tests have shown is one of the easiest to read.
    Participants were given 90 seconds to memorise the information in the lists. They were then distracted with unrelated tasks for a quarter of an hour or so, before being asked questions about the aliens, such as "What is the diet of the Pangerish?" and "What colour eyes does the Norgletti have?" The upshot was that those reading the Arial font got the answers right 72. 8% of the time, on average. Those forced to read the more difficult fonts answered correctly 86. 5% of the time.
    The question was, would this result translate from the controlled circumstances of the laboratory to the unruly environment of the classroom? It did. When the researchers asked teachers to use the technique in high-school lessons on chemistry, physics, English and history, they got similar results. The lesson, then, is to make text books harder to read, not easier.
According to the study carried out by Dr. Oppenheimer, information to be conveyed is about
选项 A、animal species in a biology lesson
B、three species of extraterrestrial alien
C、written descriptions
D、participants’ prior knowledge
答案B
解析 细节题。根据题目中information in Dr．Oppenheimer’s study可定位至文中第二段，此段描述了实验的对象和任务，志愿者们需学习书面表达的3种外星人的不同特征，因此答案为B。A项偷换概念，原文只提到和生物课上物种学习类似，C选项只是提到信息的形式，不完整。D项实验设定的信息无关。
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