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  3. In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G

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问题 In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices which you do not need to use.
    Scientists are used to debating with one another about the finer points of new research. But increasingly, they find themselves battling their televisions and computer screens, which transmit ever-more-heated rhetoric from politicians, pundits, and other public figures who misinterpret, misrepresent, and malign scientific results.【R1】______.
    That disconnect has its roots in the growing power of ideological extremes across the US political system. Congress is as polarized now as it was in the days of Reconstruction, and even elected officials at the state and local levels have come down with hyperpartisan fever. Our fractured media landscape makes it easier for politicians to speak directly to their most fervent supporters while ignoring the great majority of Americans, who want sound decision making and compromise rather than rancor.【R2】______.
    This summer, the Union of Concerned Scientists established a new Center for Science and Democracy to bring together people from all walks of life with the goal of advancing the role of science and civil debate in the American political experiment. The new center will help scientists better engage in the democratic process by facilitating interactions with the media, the public, and decision makers. And it will give citizens the knowledge and tools they need to hold those politicians and pundits who attack or misuse science accountable.
    【R3】______. But things have changed. When it comes to legislative action on reducing climate-altering emissions of greenhouse gases, the attacks on science have been pernicious. And historically, government officials have often found it politically expedient to suppress scientific information in order to weaken new rules for power plants and other polluters—downplaying, for example, data on the public-health consequences of mercury contamination from smokestacks.
    【R4】______. The process for developing scientific information—based on data, peer review, quantified uncertainty, and ongoing testing and revision—is robust and established. Science is indispensable for generating knowledge, identifying new societal problems, and outlining alternative solutions. In particular, scientists have a responsibility to raise the alarm when their findings indicate that people or natural resources are in danger. But science alone can never dictate policy on any level. Those choices are necessarily informed by values.
    For example, one overweight smoker might opt for an annual CT scan of the lung because, to him, the possible benefit of early detection of a cancer outweighs the risks of false positives, unnecessary procedures, and radiation exposure; another might reject the annual scan because she has a higher tolerance for the risk of finding a cancer too late for a cure.【R5】______. And a town, state, or country may attempt to protect itself from rising sea levels, while another decides it cannot afford the costs of trying to protect land and residents from oceanic incursions. In each case, every stakeholder should want the best information possible: the efficacy and safety of the CT scans, the risks inherent in the toxic cleaner, and the most accurate sea-level rise projections.
[A]It’s easy to bemoan this sorry state of affairs. Many of us are content to pretend this is somebody else’s problem. But that is a mistake. If scientists and conscientious citizens disengage, these problems will only get worse.
[B]Past successes in addressing science-based problems prove that a renaissance of rational policymaking is both possible and desirable. From protecting the ozone layer to curbing deadly disease and conserving our environment, science has provided the tools to build successful public policy.
[C]In the 1960s and 70s, there was broad consensus that good policy was based on well-established facts. On a spectrum of issues spanning military technology, disease eradication, and emerging environmental threats, there was an understanding that science was a critical tool of informed policymaking.
[D]Similarly, a chemical company may decide to stop using liquid chlorine in their production process, and replace it with a less toxic but more costly alternative, because they are concerned about the risk of an accident or more severe government regulations, while another company might assume the risk of deferring that change until a cheaper alternative can be developed.
[E]This rising tide of spin is the most visible outcome of the growing and troubling disconnect between scientists and much of the rest of society.
[F]On the level of public policymaking, it is not sufficient for scientists to simply do research and publish their results. They must also understand how the public weighs technical issues and what role science should play in public-policy decisions. Scientists must also defend their work and their colleagues when they come under unfair attack from ideologues, and when their findings are mischaracterized or manipulated.
[G]Addressing such problems requires understanding the tensions that exist where scientific knowledge and private interests intersect.
【R3】
选项
答案C
解析 本题空格出现在第四段开头。第三段借一新科学机构指出科学家与民众结合以发挥科学与民众讨论在美国政治层面上的作用。空格后内容随即转折指出事件已经发生变化，并指出政治立法时科学并未发生作用，反而受到攻击。而政府官员们认为压制科学信息以弱化政府新规是政治便利。由此可见，空格处内容可能与“政府立法时科学所发挥的作用”相关，而且应该是“科学在政治立法中发挥一定作用”，与此主题相符合的选项有[B]、[C]、[F]。[B]指出科学在过去解决某重大问题的成就能够说明理性决策复兴的可能及必要，而前后文并未提及理性决策的灭亡及其必要性问题，且与后文的But things have changed不能形成强有力的衔接，所以排除。[F]主要介绍了科学家在公共政策制定中应该如何去发挥自己的作用，这与后文的转折无法实现契合；而且，该选项也并未提及“他们曾经在决策过程中的作用”，所以排除。[C]介绍1960、1970年代公众眼中好政策决策的制定条件，并解决了一系列军事技术、疾病消除、环境威胁等问题，暗示科学在解决社会、政治问题中所发挥的重大作用，与下文内容能实现语意转折，所以正确。
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