首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The ancient reputation of Vikings as bloodthirsty raiders on cold northern seas has undergone a radical change in recent decades
The ancient reputation of Vikings as bloodthirsty raiders on cold northern seas has undergone a radical change in recent decades
admin
2017-12-02
85
问题
The ancient reputation of Vikings as bloodthirsty raiders on cold northern seas has undergone a radical change in recent decades. A kinder, gentler, and more fashionable Viking emerged. But our view of the Norse may be about to alter course again as scholars turn their gaze to a segment of Viking society that has long remained in the shadows.
Archaeologists are using recent findings and analysis of previous discoveries—from iron collars in Ireland to possible plantation houses in Sweden—to illuminate the role of slavery in creating and maintaining the Viking way of life.
Scandinavian slavery still echoes in the English language today. The expression "to be held in thrall," meaning to be under someone’s power, traces back to the Old Norse term for a slave: thrall.
Slavery in the region long predates the Vikings. There is evidence of vast economic disparity as early as the first century A. D. , with some people living with animals in barns while others live nearby in large, prosperous homes. Ancient chronicles long mentioned that people, as well as precious objects, were a target of the Viking raids that began in 793 A. D. at the Scottish monastery of Lindisfarne. The Annals of Ulster record "a great booty of women" taken in a raid near Dublin in 821 A. D. , while the same account contends that 3,000 people were captured in a single attack a century later.
Neil Price, an archaeologist at Sweden’s Uppsala University, suspects that "slavery was a very significant motivator in raiding. " One key factor may have been a dire need for women. Some scholars believe that the Vikings were a polygamous society that made it hard for non-elites to find brides. That may have driven the raids and ambitious exploration voyages for which Vikings are best known. Some genetic studies, for example, suggest that a majority of Icelandic women are related to Scottish and Irish ancestors who likely were raid booty.
As Viking fleets expanded, so did the need for wool to produce the sails necessary to power the ships. This also may have driven the need for slaves. The pressing need for wool production likely led to a plantation-like economy, a topic now being studied by researchers. For example, at a Swedish site called Sanda, researchers in the 1990s found a great hall surrounded by small houses. Some Swedish archaeologists now believe this could have been a Viking plantation with slaves as the labor force. "What you likely have is a slave-driven production of textiles," said Price. "We can’t really know who is making the cloth, but the implications are clear. "
William Fitzhugh, an archaeologist at the Smithsonian Institution, added that "female slaves were concubines, cooks, and domestic workers. " Male thralls likely were involved in cutting trees, building ships, and rowing those vessels for their Viking masters. Other studies suggest that Viking slaves were sometimes sacrificed when their masters died, and they ate poorly during their lives.
The Annals of Ulster record that as many as three thousand people were taken in a single raid in
选项
A、the late 8th century
B、the early 9th century
C、the first half of the 10th century
D、the second half of the 9th century
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/D7cO777K
本试题收录于:
NAETI中级口译笔试题库外语翻译证书(NAETI)分类
0
NAETI中级口译笔试
外语翻译证书(NAETI)
相关试题推荐
Lastyear,over700peoplewerekilledinKarachi’sviolence.Inthepastthreemonthsthefigurehas【C1】______300.Businessmen
TheUSEmbargoAgainstCubaTherealdividinglineinU.S.policytowardCubaishowbesttounderminetheCastroregimeand
BritishCookingBritishcookinghasundergoneachangeduringthepastdecadeasaresultofthescarcityof【C1】______which
Americans’ParadoxicalBehaviorOneofthegeneralitiesmostoftennotedaboutAmericansisthatwearearestless,adissati
Tryingtomakeuphisstereotypedimage,heinvitesmetogotomoviewithhimintheNewYeareve.
Biofuelisneitheracurenorapariah,butlikealltechnologies,itrepresentsbothopportunitiesandchallenges.
Thesecondlittlepigwasunlucky.Hebuilthishousefromsticks.Itwasblownawaybyahuffing,puffingwolf,whichpromptly
Thiscommercial______wasthesubjectofcontroversyonthelegislationmeeting.
Inspiteofmemberspassinandoutofjail,linesblurbetweenprisonandstreetgangs,creatingnewrivalries.
Whatdoesthespeakerfeelaboutsummerpictures?
随机试题
在Excel2003中,若在某单元格中输入公式“5*一10”,则该单元格的显示结果为____________。
清蛋白的合成部位是
下列有关颅底骨折表述不正确的是
治疗急性亚硝酸盐食物中毒的特效药物是
为保证工程建筑物在施工、使用和运营中的安全,必须进行变形观测。一建筑工程的变形观测包括裂缝观测和:
当网络图中某一非关键工作的持续时间拖延A,且大于该工作的总时差B时,网络计划总工期将______。
有关浙江省的旅游发展目标,以下表述正确的是()。
“人民是土壤,它含有一切事物发展所必需的生命汁液,而个人则是土壤的花朵和果实”。对这段话理解正确的是()。
党的十八大报告指出,保护生态环境必须依靠()。要把资源消耗、环境损害、生态效益纳入经济社会发展评价体系,建立体现生态文明要求的目标体系、考核办法、奖惩机制。
下列关于1929-1933年经济危机的说法正确的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)