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  3. The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. You are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. You are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by

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问题     The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. You are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A—G. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points)

A. Generally, however, modern examinations are written. Two types of tests are commonly used in modern schools. The first type is sometimes called an "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of question, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly, The student has just one task: he must recognize the correct answer and copy its letter (or number) on his examination paper.
B. For a clearer picture of what the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use "essay" tests, which require students to write long answers to broad, general questions such as the following: Mention several ways in which Mahatma Gandhi has influenced the thinking of people in his own country and in other parts of the world.
C. Whether an objective test or an essay test is used, problems arise. When some objective questions are used along with some essay questions, however, a fairly clear picture of the student’s knowledge can usually be obtained.
D. For testing a student’s memory of facts and details, the objective test has advantages. It can be scored very quickly by the teacher or even by a machine. In a short time the teacher can find out a great deal about the student’s range of knowledge. For testing some kinds of learning, however, such a test is not very satisfactory. A lucky student may guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.
E. In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches. In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for doctor’s degree.
F. One advantage of the essay test is that it reduces the element of luck. The student cannot get a high score just by making a lucky guess. Another advantage is that it shows the examiner more about the student’s ability to put facts together into a meaningful whole. It should show how deeply he has thought about the subject. Sometimes, though, essay tests have disadvantages, too. Some students are able to write good answers without really knowing much about the subject, while other students who actually know the material have trouble expressing their ideas in essay form.
G. Besides, on an essay test the student’s score may depend upon the examiner’s feelings at the time of reading the answer. If he is feeling tired or bored, the student may receive a lower score than he should. Another examiner reading the same answer might give it a much higher mark. From this standpoint the objective test gives each student a fairer chance, and of course it is easier and quicker to score.

E is the first paragraph and C is the last.
选项
答案A
解析     本题给出7个段落中的E和C分别作为文章的首段和尾段。E项以古代考试作对比，指出古代最重要的考试形式口头考试直到现在还保留着。C项是一个总结，"不管是采用客观测试法还是论文测试法，都会出现一些问题。若把客观问题和论文考题同时并用，那么，我们还是能够获得学生知识的一个相对清晰的画面"。从这两首尾两段的内容及指向我们可以推测出，该文章是一篇论述有关现代考试形式的"总—分—总"结构的说明文。
    再看其余的5个选项，稍一浏览后我们发现五个选项中A与D是有关客观考试题型的，B、F、G是有关主观考试类型的。到底哪个考试类型排在前面呢?我们看到选项A的前两句是对现代考试类型进行的总括性的一个分类，所以A要放到首段之后。因此41题应选A。这样D的位置也确定了，即42题应选D。余下的3项全是有关主观考试的，B项开头一句中的过渡结构"除了…还"可以使我们确定B为43题答案。F项以论文测试法作为叙述主体，与B相对应，所以可放在B之后，因此44题的答案为F。这样，G的位置也随之确定了。
    最后我们按照这样的思路整理答案并试着通读全文，是否有不通顺之处。
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