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  3. The Change of American Adult illiteracy In the late 1980s there were an estimated 17 to 21 million illiterate adults in the

The Change of American Adult illiteracy In the late 1980s there were an estimated 17 to 21 million illiterate adults in the

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问题                 The Change of American Adult illiteracy
    In the late 1980s there were an estimated 17 to 21 million illiterate adults in the United States, along with several million more whose ability to was minimal.
    The problem of extensive adult illiteracy first came to the attention of the United States government during World War I, when as many as 30 percent of the men enrolled into the armed forces were found to be either illiterate or barely able to read. In 1929, more than ten years after the war, President Herbert Hoover created the United States Advisory Committee on National Illiteracy. With the beginning of the Great Depression the committee ceased to function, and little attention was paid to the problem until well after World War Ⅱ.
    Since the 1960s adult illiteracy has become a focus of government and private institutional attention. The damage caused by the problem is not only the individual deprivation among those who cannot read. The consequences for society and the economy are enormous. The burden of welfare and unemployment benefits is huge’ and the costs of lost productivity are even greater. The increasing complexity of the economy and the need for specialized training in so many areas threaten to keep illiterates permanently out of the job market. Illiteracy tends to be passed from one generation to another, since adults who cannot read are unable to help their children learn to read.
    To combat adult illiteracy President Lyndon Johnson started the Adult Basic Education program in 1964. In addition to government assistance, there are hundreds of privately funded programs for teaching adults.
    Much adult training uses material that students need to know to get job certification. They want to know how to read want ads and how to fill out job applications. There is often no appreciation of reading for its own sake.   
    ________________________________________________________________________
选项
答案I. The extension of adult illiteracy A. Having an estimated 17—21 million illiterate adults in the U. S. B. Having seven million more with minimal reading ability II. The payment attention of the U. S. government to the problem of extensive adult illiteracy A. During WWI, the problem of extensive adult illiteracy first being to pay attention 1. 30% of the men enrolled into the armed forces with either illiterate or barely able to read 2. The creation of President Herberr Hoover’s the United States Advisory Committee on National Illiteracy 3. During the Great Depression, the problem without being paid attention until after WW Ⅱ B. Since the 1960s adult illiteracy having become a focus of government and private institutions 1. The cause of individual deprivation 2. The cause of enormous social and economic consequences (l)The huge burden of welfare and unemployment (2)The greater costs of lost productivity (3) The tendency of illiteracy to be passed from one generation to another Ⅲ. Making efforts to combat adult illiteracy A. Starting programs to train the illiterate adults 1. President Lyndon Johnson’s the Adult Basic Education Program 2. Making many privately funded programs B. Most training programs using materials for practical use 1. Students getting job certification with the help of materials 2. Students reading want ads and filling out job application with the help of materials 3. Having no materials read for pleasure
解析     此题是列提纲。在总结提纲时，要抽取意思，而不要照搬原文。
    这篇文章分为5个自然段。通读全文，可看出文章分为三层意思。第一自然段为第一层，讲20世纪80年代晚期美国成年人的文盲人数。二、三两段为第二层，主要讲述美国政府开始对此给予注意。最后两段为一层，描写政府的一些措施。其中，各个层次中间又有自己的结构。
    第一自然段很明显分为两个层次：
    A．Having an estimated 17—21 million illiterate adults in the U．S．
    B．Having seven million more with minimal reading ability
    二、三两段各自又可独立划分。虽然总体是关于“The U．S．government paid attention to the problem of extensive adult illiteracy”，但第二段是讲述一战时期此问题刚刚受到重视，第三段是讲20世纪60年代文盲问题成为政府和私人机构的重点问题。
    最后两段也可总结为两部分，叙述具体的政策。第一是一些计划的实施，另外是大多数教育计划运用一些实用材料。通过层层剥笋，文章脉络一目了然。
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