2. 外语
  3. Historian Sheilagh Ogilvie challenges the view that training by European craft guilds from 1560 to 1760 was necessary. Her main

Historian Sheilagh Ogilvie challenges the view that training by European craft guilds from 1560 to 1760 was necessary. Her main

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问题     Historian Sheilagh Ogilvie challenges the view that training by European craft guilds from 1560 to 1760 was necessary. Her main evidence, however, is based only on female employment in one guild. Like most other guilds, the Wildberg weaver’s guild banned women from becoming masters; however, it exempted master’s widow. Indeed, widows accounted for 14 percent of all masters. Ogilvie claims that these “untrained” widow prove “the irrelevance of training.” But Wildberg master-widows were not untrained for, as Ogilvie notes elsewhere, wives and children worked with masters, their training may have been informal, but it existed nevertheless. At least 80 percent of widows were married to masters for longer than the standard six-year apprenticeship, an unknown proportion of the remainder had grown up in weaving families.
The author’s evaluation of Ogilvie’s argument focuses primarily on Ogilvie’s
选项 A、overgeneralization of a study of an atypical industry
B、failure to differentiate between formal apprenticeship training and subsequent practical experience
C、assumptions that certain guild members had no training
D、insufficient acknowledgement of certain exceptions to a guild’s rules
E、attempt to impose an artificial uniformity on an extended period in history
答案C
解析 本题相当于问奥格尔维的论证缺陷是什么。根据文章，奥格尔维的问题在于认为遗孀没有受过培训，但是实际上她们受过潜移默化的培训。选项C的certain guild members便是对应那些成为技工的遗孀。A项an atypical industry在文中没有对应。B项 “正规的学徒培训和随后的实践经历”指的都是那些经历过正规培训的学徒，与遗孀无关。D项extended对应那些可以成为技工的遗孀(根据第三句，通常情况下女性不能成为技工，但是遗孀就可以)。第五句里奥格尔维对这些遗孀发表了评价，因此奥格尔维知道这些遗孀的存在，因此也表明了奥格尔维承认这些例外的存在。E项an extended period in history在文中没有对应。
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