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  3. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society.

Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society.

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问题      Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.
     The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.
     A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook. Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.
According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ______.
选项 A、in order to identify themselves with others
B、in order to better identify others
C、as their mental processes change
D、as the situation changes
答案D
解析 细节理解题。本题询问的是作者的观点，人们经常能给自己设定不同身份的依据是什么?文章第二段的第—句和第二句指出我们的身份根据不同的交往对象经常变化，而且我们中的大多数人都能在极短的时间内根据不同的情况给自己设定不同的身份，故选项D“随着环境的变化”为正确答案。文章第二段的第三句话中虽提到了“identifying”一词，但它在文中的意思是“辨别白己的位置或自我确定”，而选项A中的identify sb. with sb. 意为“把……视为同……一样”，故选项A“为了把自己看作与别人一样”不是正确答案．选项B“为了更好地辨别别人”和选项C“当心理过程发生变化时”均是本文未提到的内容。
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