The following are the Nobel Prize laureates in physiology or medicine EXCEPT

This year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine goes to Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells. Professor Christer Betsholtz of the Karolinska Institute, announcing the winners of perhaps the most prestigious award in medicine. Mario Capecchi, orphaned during World War II in his native I-taly, made his way to the United States and earned a doctorate from Harvard University in 1967. He is currently Distinguished Professor of Human Genetics and Biology at the University of Utah and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Oliver Smithies is a British-born American holding the post of Excellence Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.