首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In trying to understand and control youth gangs, investigators and scholars have assembled what amounts to anthropological studi
In trying to understand and control youth gangs, investigators and scholars have assembled what amounts to anthropological studi
admin
2013-10-08
75
问题
In trying to understand and control youth gangs, investigators and scholars have assembled what amounts to anthropological studies of gang characteristics. Police files record everything from the face that the Crips in Los Angeles wear blue while rival Bloods wear red to intricate details of the Satanic rituals and grave desecrations committed by white gangs known as "atones" or "heavy metalers." These and other rituals make it clear that youth gangs ate fat more than mere social clubs or business organizations--they are highly developed subcultures.
The key determinant of gang’s culture is the neighborhood, known bu blacks and Hispanic gangs members as "the’ hood." Hispanic gangs, especially, identify strong with their "barrios," swatches of land often sandwiched between freeways and railroad tracks in which the same gang might have lived and fought for several generations.
The nature of the hood can make a difference in how police approach gang crime. Hispanic gangs that sell drugs ate more likely to consummate deals with friends and acquaintances inside selected shops, restaurants, or apartments, according to San Francisco gang researcher Dan Waldorf. Doing business this way requires police to have insider knowledge -- to know a gang’s secret hand signals, for example. Black gangs, by contrast, usually make sales out in the open, often to strange, in front of housing projects or small stores.
A gang’s name also reveals much. Names are often designed to inspire gear (as in New York’s Savage Nomads), to boast about a gang’s modus operandi (Miami’s Mazda Boys steal Mazda cars) or to celebrate the gang’s street or housing project (as in the Main Street Crips or the 11-Dwuce Hoovers in the neighborhood of 112th and Hoover Streets in Los Angles). In many cities, police seek to avoid publicizing the names of gangs because, as Boston police spokesman Scott Gillis said, "it gives them undue notoriety."
The dress codes and colors provide further evidence that gangs are determined to thrive in their own cultures -- gang members persist in wearing their distinctive colors even though it helps police keep track of them. Today’s gang members frequently wear baggy Khaki pants riding low on the hips, patterns shaved into their heads, a single glove or earring, and shoelaces laced to one side or the other. They also have sport bandannas and colored rags hanging from their back pockets. Many have cigarette burns on their hands to signify courage, while other display knife cuts. Tattoos are popular with black gangs. Some members wear rapper-style sunglasses and "cake cutter" combs with sharp metal tines.
Quite often they wear expensive sneakers (the BK on British Knights means "Blood Killer" to the Crips) Hats and jackets with the names of rival professional football teams have been known to provoke fights between gangs. Asian gangs ate known to color and spray their hair in bizarre styles, a disguise that can be altered quickly by the wind as their speeding car leaves the scene of crime.
Graffiti is thought to be the essence of gang membership, the essence of gang fear. For many gangs, the act of marketing graffiti is a declaration of control of a neighborhood. Defacing a rival gang’s graffiti can provoke deadly retaliation. Common images in graffiti include pitchforks, guns, dollars signs, Profanity, and sometimes the name of a targeted shooting victim. Hispanic graffiti is characterized by stylized, three-dimensional or block lettering with serifs. Black graffiti, L. A. police say, has fewer flourishes.
Gang cultures can be highly ceremonial. Many gangs have daunting initiation rites that require an aspiring member to steal car, fight the gang’s leaders, or participate in a drive-by shooting. Gang marriage ceremonies have also been recorded; one in New York City involved the sharing of blood from knife cuts and the pouring of a can of beer over the couple’s heads. At gang funerals, a booklet with photos and a rhyming tribute to the deceased is often distributed.
Though the vast majority of gang members are male, many. gangs have female associates, and there are some all-female gangs. (Los Angeles often gang is said to have 20-30female gangs.) Female members often hide and protect male members, or carry concealed weapons or narcotics for them, police say, because they are less likely to be searched. They also cater gang parties. Gang girls are often the objects of fights between jealous rival gangs. They are sometimes used as sexual lures, and are often expected to provide sex to multiple gang members.
Female gang members are often teen mothers with drug problems who, faced with the alternative of prostitution, use gangs to support themselves. Though they are increasingly as prone to fighting as male gang members, female continue to play a secondary role in most gangs. As a 19-year-old Hispanic gang member form Santa Ana said: "We’re the ones who take care of the’ hood; we protect them. They ain’t got nothing to say."
The term "subculture," as used in the passage (paragraph 1) means a gang’s ______.
选项
A、distinctive clothing or uniform
B、customs and ways of behaving
C、relationships with other gangs
D、control of a particular neighborhood
答案
B
解析
推理题。这道题比较简单,定位第一段,“subculture,”的术语是什么意思,“次文化”,次文化是指在某个较大的母文化中,拥有不同行为和信仰的较小的文化或一群人,根据这个解释,我们就可以很轻松地选择B“customs and ways of behaving”为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/C9ZO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Accordingtothenewsitem,thisyearIraqwouldbantheimmunitytowards
WhatisRobertworriedmoreabout?
BritishEducationalSystem1.PrimaryandsecondaryeducationinBritain1)Childrengototheprimaryschoolattheageof(1)
Howmenfirstlearnttoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginofthelanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowis
People’sattitudetowarddrugsvariesfrompersontoperson.Someregarditas(1)_____miraculous;othersthinkofthemasdang
Untiltheverylatestmomentofhisexistence,manhasbeenboundtotheplanetonwhichheoriginatedanddeveloped.Nowh
PreparingforTestsI.Students’attitudetotest—Tounderstandthe(1)_____ofthetests—Physicalandmentalapproach—Howto
长江三角洲位于我国东海之滨,万里长江尾闾。她西起南京、镇江,东临大海,北至通扬运河,南到杭州湾,面积35,267平方公里,是世界著名的大河三角洲之一。她具有以下几个特点:地理位置优越,是沟通内陆腹地的交通中心,并处于世界环球航线附近,与世界各大港口通航方便
丝绸之路的历史可以追溯到公元前2世纪,当时一名中国官员、朝廷的使者张骞沿着这条连接亚欧两大洲的贸易通道出使西域。这条通道源于长安城(即今日的西安),一路穿越陕西省、甘肃省境内的河西走廊、新疆的塔里木盆地、帕米尔山区、阿富汗、伊朗、伊拉克以及叙利亚,最后抵达
A、Angry.B、Apologetic.C、Surprised.D、Indifferent.A
随机试题
有关宫内节育器避孕原理,以下错误的是哪项
关于变异性心绞痛,不正确的是
患者李大爷,72岁,退休工人,因肺部感染住院治疗。入院之初,因李大爷的小腿静脉曲张严重,医生担心卧床期间出现静脉血栓,嘱咐李大爷陪床的大女儿给他时常按摩下肢。根据医嘱,主管护士教授了按摩方式,但随后的全面检查中,医生发现李大爷的下肢早有深静脉血栓,立刻告知
碾压土石坝施工中,具有生产效率高等优点的碾压机械开行方式是()。
某工业建设项目,需进口一批生产设备,CIF价为200万美元,银行财务费费率为0.5%,外贸手续费费率为1.5%,关税税费为22%,增值税税率为17%,美元对人民币汇率为1:6.3,则这批设备应缴纳的增值税为()万元人民币万元。
教师职业良心同教师权利相联系,并从教师的教育教学劳动中表现出来。()
欧盟委员会发布消息称,回顾全球“金融危机”以来的______,欧盟采取得当的______,有效地控制住了危机的蔓延与发展,从而在最近几年取得了经济持续增长的佳绩。填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是:
战国时期,魏国先后开凿了_______和_______运河。最著名的水利工程,要算李冰主持兴修的________。________的修建,使关中成为沃野。
社会主义初级阶段是不可逾越的,这主要取决于()。
Imeant(buy)______aneveningpaperformydadbutIdidn’tseeanyonesellingthem.
最新回复
(
0
)