2. 外语
  3. Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does no

Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does no

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问题 Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the future and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one’s own past is gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind keener. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.
The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one’s interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.
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答案 人的思想必须朝着未来，朝着可有作为之事。要做到这一点并非易事，因为过往的岁月在我们肩上逐日加重着分量。与现时相较，人总是自觉往日情感更加充沛，头脑更加敏锐。倘若真是如此，那就不要去想它，而如果可以不去想它，那这想法本身也就不会真有道理。 另一件要避免的事就是抓住年轻人不放，希望从他们的勃勃生机中汲取力量。当子女们长大成人之后，他们就想拥有自己的生活，如果这时做父母的还像他们年幼时那样关心他们，那么除非子女们麻木异常，否则这样的关心即形同负担。我不是主张父母不应该关心子女，而是建议父母从思想上去关心，如果有能力的话从经济上去扶持，而不是过分地在感情上去关心。动物的幼崽一旦自立，成年的动物就不再给予关怀；但是人类，由于幼年时期较长，很难做到这一点。
解析 1．画线部分第一段第一句中，things about which there is something to be done是一个包含定语从句的名词性短语，译作“可有作为之事”。
2．画线部分第一段最后一句中，需注意确定句中it的指代对象，它指的是上一句中由that引导的同位语从句。翻译it should be forgotten时，我们可以正话反说，使译文更为通顺，不译作“那就该忘掉它”，而译为“那就不要去想它”。
3．画线部分第二段第一句中的clinging to youth，此处clinging不是与is构成现在进行式，而是分词作表语，用来说明The other thing。clinging to的意思是“紧握不放”，因此本句前半段译为“另一件应当避免的事是抓住年轻人不放”。
4．画线部分第二段第三句中，contemplative，philanthropic和emotional三个词同时修饰interest，本义分别是“好沉思的”“乐善好施的”和“情感的”。根据汉语的习惯，这三个词翻译时要进行灵活处理，从形容词作表语演变为句子中的状语，分别译作“从思想上”“从经济上”和“在感情上”。
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