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  3. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

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问题     People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
    Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as "nature/nurture".
    Two who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
    Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
    Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
In the U. S, black people often score below white people on intelligence tests. With this in mind, which one of the following statements is NOT true?
选项 A、Nature proponents would say that whites are genetically superior to blacks.
B、Nurture proponents would disagree that blacks are biologically inferior to whites.
C、Supporters of the nature theory would say that whites score well because they have a superior environment.
D、Behaviorists would say that blacks often lack the educational and environmental advantages that whites enjoy.
答案C
解析 本题是一道理解运用题。在美国，黑人在进行智力测试时不如白人得分高。A“本性论者会认为这是因为白人比黑人在遗传因素上占优势”；D“教养论者(行为主义学家)认为黑人缺少白人能享有的教育和环境优势”；B“教养论者不会认为是由于黑人在生物学上不如白人”，因为他们认为生理、遗传因素对人的行为几乎根本不起作用。所以，本题的正确答案应选C“支持本性论的人认为白人得分高是因为他们有较好的环境”。
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