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  3. Uganda’s eagerness for genuine development is reflected in its schoolchildren’s smiles and in the fact that so many children are

Uganda’s eagerness for genuine development is reflected in its schoolchildren’s smiles and in the fact that so many children are

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问题     Uganda’s eagerness for genuine development is reflected in its schoolchildren’s smiles and in the fact that so many children are now going to school. Since 1997, when the government began to provide universal primary education, total primary enrollment had risen from 3 million to 7.6 million in 2004. Schools have opened where none existed before, although there is some way to go in reaching the poorest areas of the country.
    Uganda has also made strides in secondary and higher education, to the point that it is attracting many students from other countries. At the secondary level, enrollment is above 700,000, with the private sector providing the majority of schools. For those who want to take their education further, there are 12 private universities in addition to the four publicly funded institutions, together providing 75,000 places.
    Education is seen as a vital component in the fight against poverty. The battle for better health is another, although it is one that will take longer to win in a country that carries a high burden of disease, including malaria and AIDS. Here, the solutions can only arise from a combination of international support and government determination to continue spending public money on preventive care and better public health information.
    Current government plans include recruiting thousands of nurses, increasing the availability of drugs and building 200 new maternity units.
    Uganda’s high rate of population growth, at 3.6 percent per annum, poses a special challenge in the fight against poverty, says Finance Minister Gerald Ssendaula, who points out that the fertility rate, at 6.9 children per female, is the highest in Africa.
    The government’s newly revised Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) puts the "restoration of security" at the top of the current government agenda. This is because it estimates that Uganda has lost 3 percent of its gross domestic product each year that the conflict has persisted. Displaced people are not only a financial burden, they are unable to contribute to the economy.
    The other core challenges identified by the revised PEAP are finding ways to keep the lowest income growing, improving the quality of education, giving people more control over the size of their families and using public resources transparently and efficiently. It is a document that other poor countries could learn from.
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答案 乌干达渴望得到真正的发展，这种愿望不仅反映在小学生的笑脸上，而且还体现在那么多孩子在上学的现实中。自1997年政府开始普及小学教育以来，小学在校总人数已从300万增至2004年的760万。过去没有学校的地方，现已开办了学校，不过要把教育发展到国内最贫困的地区，还要经过一番努力。 乌干达在发展中等教育和高等教育方面也取得了进展，甚至吸引了其他国家的许多学生前来就学。在中等教育方面，在校人数现已超过70万，大多数学校是民办的。如有学生想继续深造，除4家公立大学外，还有12家私立大学，共有7.5万个名额。 人们认为教育是战胜贫困的重要一环，努力增强休质也是重要的一环。然而，乌干达饱受疾病的拖累，如疟疾、艾滋病等，增强体质绝非一日之功。在这方面，要解决问题，必须一方面靠国际援助，一方面政府要下决心，继续拨款预防疾病，并加强宣传公共卫生知识。 目前政府计划包括招聘数千名护理人员，增加药品供应，新建200所产科诊所。 财政部长杰拉尔德．森达乌拉说，乌干达人口的年增长率为百分之3.6，这样高的增长率对消除贫困构成特殊障碍。他还指出，乌干达平均每个女人生6.9个孩子，这一生育率是全非洲最高的。 政府最近修订过的《消除贫困行动计划》将“恢复安全”列为政府当前的首要任务。这是因为它估计连年不断的冲突已使乌干达的国内生产总值每年下降3个百分点。流离失所的人们不仅是财政方面的负担，也不能为发展经济出力。 修订过的《消除贫困行动计划》列举的其他重大事项还包括设法不断提高最低收入，改进教育质量，帮助人们更好地控制家庭人口，透明而有效地使用公共资源等。这一文件值得其他贫穷国家借鉴。
解析     1．Uganda 乌干达。
    基本素质采分点。
    这是一个常识性的国家名称，不可以不译或乱译。
    2．Uganda’s eagerness for genuine development is reflected in its schoolchildren’s smiles and in the fact that so many children are now going to school．乌干达渴望得到真正的发展，这种愿望不仅反映在小学生的笑脸上，而且还体现在那么多孩子在上学的现实中。
    理解结构采分点。
    采用分译法。句子的主语Uganda’s eagerness for genuine development可以译成一个独立的句子，即，“乌干达渴望得到真正的发展”；eagerness重复使用，要作reflect及后面的内容的主语，译成另一个完整句子，即，“这种愿望不仅反映在小学生的笑脸上，而且还体现在那么多孩子在上学的现实中”；原文中fact后是同位语从句，汉译时可译为定语。为了避免译文重复，把reflect分别译成“反映”和“体现”，后跟两个并列成分。利用词性转换法，把原文中的eagerness译成动词“渴望”，更合理。
    3．universal primary education
    基本素质采分点。
    universal primary education普及小学教育。
    4．there is some way to go 还要经过一番努力。
    理解结构采分点。
    there is some way to go是常见的一个固定说法。根据上下文，可译为“还要经过一番努力”。
    5．to the point
    理解结构采分点。
    to the point指“达到……程度”，在本文中译成“甚至”。
    6．At the secondary level, enrollment is above 700,000, with the private sector providing the majority of schools．在中等教育方面，在校人数现已超过70万，大多数学校是民办的。
    理解结构采分点。
    原文为简单句，但应译成两个汉语句子。介词短语with the private sector pro viding the majority of schools翻译成独立的句子，并从后往前译，即原文中providing的逻辑宾语在译文中作主语。在at the secondary level中，level不宜直译为“水平”，应译成“在中等教育方面”。
    7．Education is seen as a vital component in the fight against poverty. The battle for better health is another, although it is one that will take longer to win in a country that carries a high burden of disease, including malaria and AIDS．人们认为教育是战胜贫困的重要一环，努力增强体质也是重要的一环。然而，乌干达饱受疾病的拖累，如疟疾、艾滋病等，增强体质绝非一日之功。
    理解结构采分点。
    原文中的两句话，仍译成两句汉语，要把原文第一句(Education is seen as a vital component in the fight against poverty.)同第二句的主句部分(The battle for better health is another)合译成一句话，即，“人们认为教育是战胜贫困的重要一环，努力增强体质也是重要的一环。”；第一句山的被动语态be seen as不译成被动式，在增加主语“人们”的情况下，翻译成“人们认为”。这样更符合汉语的习惯。
    8．place
    用词选词采分点。
    如把place译成“位子、位置、空位”，不符合汉语表达法，译成“名额”最贴切。
    9．...the solutions can only arise from a combination of international support and government determination to continue spending public money on preventive care...
    理解结构采分点。
    利用词性转换法，将文中的名词solution和determination分别译成动词“解决问题”和“下决心”，将文中的形容词preventive care译成“预防疾病”。
    10．Uganda’s high rate of population growth, at 3.6 percent per annum, poses a special challenge in the fight against poverty, says Finance Minister Gerald Ssendaula, who points out that the fertility rate, at 6.9 children per female, is the highest in Africa．
    理解结构采分点。
    at 3.6 percent per annum和at 6.9 children per female这两个介词短语，在译文中分别翻译成两个独立的平行句，即，“乌干达人口的年增长率为百分之3.6”和“乌干达平均每个女人生6.9个孩子”。如果译成定语就显得很累赘。
    11．Poverty Eradication Action Plan消除贫困行动计划。
    基本素质采分点。
    有时，一些专有名词可以按字面意思来翻泽，而且现在这种方法很常用、实用。
    12．gross domestic product
    基本素质采分点。
    其缩写是GDP(国内生产总值)，属经济学词汇。
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