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  3. Perhaps the most ambitious long-term health study ever planned by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has been hit by a NASA

Perhaps the most ambitious long-term health study ever planned by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has been hit by a NASA

admin2015-05-24  57
问题     Perhaps the most ambitious long-term health study ever planned by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has been hit by a NASA style price shock: Once estimated at $3 billion over 25 years, the actual cost could be twice that much. The problem became public last week at a Capitol Hill hearing on the NIH budget. Acting NIH Director Raynard Kington said he has launched a high-level review of the plan to track the health of 100,000 children from before birth to age 21 and that the study will likely be scaled back.
    The National Children’s Study (NCS) grew out of a 2000 congressional directive to NIH to determine how environmental influences, from chemical contaminants to video games, shape the development of children and affect diseases such as autism and obesity. Researchers plan to recruit a diverse group of pregnant mothers at 105 sites around the United States by knocking on randomly selected doors. Congress provided $192 million in funding this year to set up the sites and launch a pilot study.
    Kington says he became concerned in early January after being informed of his staffs latest cost projections. It was since then that Kington realized "there was a fundamental problem in estimating the true costs." In order to turn things around, Kington has now added "greatly heightened oversight." That includes asking Claude Lenfant, former director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, to return to NIH as his adviser on the study. NIH will also take a longer pause than originally planned after the 1-year pilot, which began in January at two of seven sites, to revise the protocol and reassess the costs.
    When trimming begins, Kington says he hopes the 100,000 sample size will be "the last thing" considered for cuts. But the size, number of hypotheses, and the protocols are all on the table. Pediatrician Philip Landrigan, who helped conceive the NCS, hopes not to lose components such as in-home detailed assessments of each child’s development, which are expensive. "We’re just waiting to see how this works out," says Landrigan, whose team has knocked on more than 1000 doors in Queens and found that many women seem interested.
    The budget problems come as no surprise to former NIH Director Elias Zerhouni, who wanted to avoid funding for the NCS. Zerhouni says he had "severe reservations" about the potential cost and felt NIH should complete the pilot before any decisions were made about proceeding with the full study. Instead, "Congress interfered" by providing the money to move ahead anyway. "It was political management," Zerhouni says, and "I don’t think people should be shocked" at the result.
Which of the following is true of the trimming?
选项 A、The number of hypotheses would be decreased.
B、The sample size would be finalized later on.
C、The protocols would be the focus of discussion.
D、In-home assessments would be prolonged.
答案B
解析 推理判断题。根据倒trimming定位到第四段。由该段第二句话可知样本量、假设数目和草案都有待日后讨论，因此B项正确。
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