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  3. We are at the very core of every communication we engage in. Even when we are not engaged in interpersonal communication, we are

We are at the very core of every communication we engage in. Even when we are not engaged in interpersonal communication, we are

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问题      We are at the very core of every communication we engage in. Even when we are not engaged in interpersonal communication, we are probably engaged in intrapersonal communication, i.e. communication within ourselves.
     There are some fairly obvious and visible forms of intrapersonal communication, such as when we check off our purchases on a shopping list, or keep post-it notes to remind ourselves of appointments. We also quite literally talk to ourselves; at my age, "What am I about to do next?" or even "What the hell am I doing here?" are becoming increasingly common questions I ask myself. You’ll hear some people speaking aloud to themselves. I recall an elderly theology professor who never stopped talking to himself about moor philosophical problems which made it particularly interesting watching him trying to eat his soup, though it was advisable not to get too close.
     Actually, communication and medical professionals have researched the psycho physiological components of self-talk to conclude that what people say to themselves does affect their ability to combat and ward off ill- nesses.
     Self-talk, a part of intrapersonal communication, is a health behavior that has potentially far-reaching effects. Although it will most likely be used by those who have a high internal locus of control and place a high value on health, it can also help relatively healthy people in health "maintenance" programs. Self-talk is categorized as being positive or negative. As its label implies, positive self-talk has good implications for people’s mental and physical well-being. However, the negative is not all bad. The key to using self-talk is to strive for an appropriate balance between the two.
     The use of positive self-talk has been linked to the reduction of stress. Less stress, in turn, can effect other positive health changes. Serf-talk, like thoughts, is not neutral because it triggers behavior in either a positive or negative direction. Both thoughts and self-talk are based on beliefs which are formed early in life. Beliefs shape our self-talk, which in turn affects our self-esteem.
     However, negative thinldng as the "thinldng of choice," may not be so bad, because it heightens people’s sensitivity to the situation they are facing. They are likely to think more clearly. Ruth Dailey Gralnger in Thempy Research Institute,in Miami, Florida says, "Negative thinking, then, is the most productive, the most useful, and the healthiest thinking to adopt when risk is high."
     Instead of categorizing negative serf-talk as "negative," it might be better to call it "logical and accurate" serf-talk. Harriet B. Bralker emphasizes in Psychology Today (1989) the "responsible" use Of serf-talk. She warns against confusing positive inner dialogue with positive tingling, happy affirmations, or serf-delusions. Logical, accurate serf-talk recognizes personal short-comings, but also modifies them to help people define a plan of confection.
     Knowing that thought patterns generated by serf-talk affect health states, people can begin to control the power in their minds by taking an active role in deciding what to think, enhancing the positive messages they send themselves.  
It can be inferred from the passage that______.
选项 A、negative thinking grants people greater courage to confront difficulties
B、even negative thinking can be positive
C、negative thinking can make people more logical
D、negative thinking is preferable to positive thinking in certain circumstances
答案D
解析 推断题。对应原文第六段: However, negative thinking es the "thinking of choice," may not be so bad, because, it heightens people’ s sensitivity to the situation they are facing. They are likely to think mom clearly. Ruf:h Dailey Orainger in Therapy Research Institute in Miami, Florida says, "Negative thinking, then, is the most productive, the most useful, and the healthiest thinldng to adopt when risk is high." 当危险度高时消极思维最有用，所以可以推断在某些情况下积极思维还不如消极思维。案为D。B和C都是文章中已经给出的信息。.sensitivity n.敏性性; adopt vt.采取；采纳；吸收
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