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  3. Social change is more likely to occur in heterogeneous societies than in homogeneous ones, simply because there are more diverse

Social change is more likely to occur in heterogeneous societies than in homogeneous ones, simply because there are more diverse

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问题    Social change is more likely to occur in heterogeneous societies than in homogeneous ones, simply because there are more diverse points of view available in the former. There are more ideas, more conflicts of interest, and more groups and organizations of different persuasions.  In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and tolerance in heterogeneous societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision rather than subjecting them to authority. In a quite homogeneous society, there are fewer occasions for people to perceive the need or the opportunity for change, because everything seems to be the same and, if not satisfactory, at least customary and undisputed.
   Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily (1) in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; (2) in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; (3) in the less basic, less emotional, or less sacred aspects of society than in their opposites, like religion or a system of prestige; (4) in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; (5) in form rather than in substance; and (6) in elements congenial to the culture rather than in strange elements.
   Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
The author would most probably agree that changes are more likely to be successful in
选项 A、production methods.
B、ideological concepts.
C、religious beliefs.
D、social behaviour.
答案A
解析 从第二段我们能了解作者在社会变革方面的观点，主要的是他认为：社会变革在物资方面、相对简单的方面和熟悉的方面，要比非物质、复杂抽象和陌生方面来得更频繁和容易。ideological concepts，religious beliefs，social behaviour都是一些抽象的、意识形态方面的东西。而production methods是属于technology一类的具体东西，作者认为social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily(1)in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material，for example，in technology rather than in values，所以答案应选A。
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