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  3. It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personal

It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personal

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问题     It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. "Upbringing" is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished by the term "education". In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.
    The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture. In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing. In more technologically developed societies, the period of childhood and adolescence(青春期) tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development.
    Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents’ capabilities and their aims and depends not only on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child.  Wide differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family.
    Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is unique, and there can be no rigid(严格的) general rules. They use general information only as a guide in making decisions and solving problems.
    All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger the child, the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing him. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child’s continuing development may be warped.
    A child must be allowed to enjoy this "messy" but tactile stage of discovery before he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books. Similarly, throughout life. each stage depends on the satisfactory completion of the one before.
A child’s development might well be adversely affected if ______.
选项 A、he were subjected to unusually strict discipline
B、his mother often gave in to his demands
C、his energies were freely given an outlet
D、he were brought up in a happy environment
答案A
解析 这一题也要求对选项和原文作对比，才能判断正确，在什么情况下会对孩子的成长起相反的影响?纪律之间的问题，孩子越小，母亲越是要随时准备满足他的要求，以免使他失望，因为她知道如果孩子的精力不得以释放，他以后的发展可能会被扭曲，由此可以看出A项是正确的。B项认为当母亲经常满足孩子的要求时，由原文的意思，我们可以看出只有当母亲不满足孩子的要求时才有可能扭曲孩子将来的发展，因此B项是不正确的。项认为当他的梢力自由地得以释放时，原文提到如果孩子的精力不得以释放，他将来的发展可能被扭曲，这显然与C项相反，所以C项是不正确的。D项认为是当他在一个快乐的环境下被抚养大的情况下，这与原文所指的要求不能得以满足，精力不能释放，须服从纪律的意思不符，而且以一般常识，我们也可判断在快乐的环境下成长不会对孩子的成长起负面影响，所以D项不正确。
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大学英语四级

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