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  3. Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers

Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers

admin2012-05-04  64
问题     Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers, researchers say.
    Some of the most【C1】______sights in nature happen when animals form【C2】______ groups and move together as if【C3】______. Earlier work has shown that fish in large groups make better decisions than【C4】______or small groups.
    Many theories have been【C5】______ about how animals might communicate in order to【C6】______this. But now it appears really simple. The researchers【C7】______groups of two, four or eight mosquito fish in a square arena for five minutes【C8】______studied the movements of individuals in each group. The【C9】______of the swimming fish were fed into software which acts like many pairs of eyes to keep【C10】______ on the direction and speed of each fish in the school and【C11】______it responds to other fish around it.
    As schools of fish rarely suffer from crashes or【C12】______, the rules they use could also【C13】______be applied to robotic systems to solve traffic problems. If a system could be【C14】______ where each car knew where each car was and they could respond to each other and communicate with each other, traffic problems【C15】______ be avoid.
    The researchers used a technique called artificial neural networks to look for【C16】______ in the data. And it turns out the【C17】______ well-organized swimming that fish in shoals【C18】______is actually caused by each fish using very simple rules to respond to its neighbors. These rules include " accelerate towards a neighbor that is far away from you" and " decelerate when a neighbor is【C19】______ in front of you". It is also found that a fish only responds to a single nearest neighbor at any one time. Those【C20】______ to be the rules people use when they are driving.
【C4】
选项 A、processions
B、individuals
C、teams
D、parades
答案B
解析 名词辨析题。句意为：早先的研究表明大群的鱼类所做的决策比单个的鱼或小群的鱼更好。本句为比较句型，考生应先抓住所比较的对象和方面。在本句中，鱼类不是比较对象，比较的是鱼类的规模，故由句中的large groups和small groups，可知空格处应该选择individuals“个体”，才可与large groups和small groups形成对照关系。其余三项processions“行列，队伍”，teams“小组”和parades“游行，阅兵”不能与large groups和small groups形成规模上的层次差别，因此均不合上下文语境。
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