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  3. David frank started working for tips when he was 11 years old, delighting restaurant diners in New York with his magic tricks. A

David frank started working for tips when he was 11 years old, delighting restaurant diners in New York with his magic tricks. A

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问题     David frank started working for tips when he was 11 years old, delighting restaurant diners in New York with his magic tricks. As a teenager he would make an average of $60—70 in an evening—not bad, but he wanted more. So he started reading research on tipping, and found a study showing that servers who left a sweet at the end of the meal could up their pay. He tried handing punters a playing card at the end of his act, hoping that the memento would persuade them to part with more cash. It worked.
    Mr. Frank’s findings confirmed the notion of the tip as a sort of reward for outstanding service. That may sound straightforward, but a follow-up study with Michael Lynn of Cornell University, where Mr Frank now happens to be a student, found an opportunity for some sleight of hand.
    They discovered that performing a magic trick at a table also increased the tips for the waiters and waitresses serving there, even though they had done absolutely nothing more than usual. Though tipping may seem like a simple economic transaction, by incentivising people to perform extra well, it turns out to be anything but.
    For a start, economists are puzzled by the fact that so many people give tips, voluntarily handing out cash for a routine service, when it is assumed that customers generally want to pay as little as possible for what they buy. But fuzzier factors also seem to matter, like the feelings of gratitude that Mr Frank inspired. A survey in 2010 by Ofer Azar of Israel’s Ben-Gurion University of the Negev found that 85％ of American tippers claimed to be following a social norm, while 60％ said they tipped to avoid guilty.
    During the pandemic these fuzzy factors appear to have intensified. Mr Lynn observed that people have been tipping more generously even while ordering takeaway food, while Sarah Conlisk of the Federal Reserve Board has found that people travelling in richer areas have been tipping their taxi drivers more than before.
    The presence of a pandemic or of a magician performing at one’s table are just two of an array of factors that may affect the size of a tip. A tipper may simply be touched by the server. If a waiter squats down beside you at the table as he or she takes your order, that often elicits a higher tip. Good weather may spur generosity too.
According to Paragraph 1, David Frank earned more tips by________.
选项 A、delivering sweets at the end of performance
B、providing small souvenirs for customers
C、showing more attractive magic tricks
D、leading some researches on tipping
答案B
解析 细节题：根据题干可定位至第一段。第四句说He tried handing punters a playing card at the end of his act, hoping that the memento would persuade them to part with more cash (他尝试在表演结束时，送给顾客一张扑克牌留作纪念，希望这个纪念品可以让顾客付更多小费)。第五句说It worked(这个方法很有效)，由此可知，大卫.弗兰克通过送给顾客扑克牌而获得了更多的小费，B项是对这一内容的概括，故正确。A项属于张冠李戴，将研究中服务员获得更高小费的方式说成大卫.弗兰克的，故排除该选项。C项属于无中生有，文中未提到more attractive(更加吸引人的)，故排除。选项D项属于偷换概念，他只是看了关于小费的研究而没有领导，故排除。故本题答案为B项。
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