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  3. The physical fitness movement in America followed the immigration of a large number of German migrants into America who fled the

The physical fitness movement in America followed the immigration of a large number of German migrants into America who fled the

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问题     The physical fitness movement in America followed the immigration of a large number of German migrants into America who fled their country due to the 1848 revolution. The movement began from Fredrich Ludwig Jahn who (47)______ exercise and sport with German history and tradition and saw a connection between mental and physical health. Charle Pollen, a Jahn student, who opposed to loose exercise, stressed (48)______ mental and physical exercise. In the mid-west, the Germans established their first gymnastic institution called the Turnverein in Cincinnati in 1848. Later called the Turners, these groups developed (49)______ organized outings of picnics, games, gymnastics, and celebrations of German culture.
    Catherine Beecher promoted physical fitness for women, and felt that tight clothes not only made such exercise impossible, but actually (50)______ the natural form of women’s bodies, and could even be passed on to future generations and (51)______ the race. She was also an advocate of improving (52)______ and an early opponent of gluttony(暴食), believing ingredient in food stimulated the (53)______ towards excess. Others advocated vegetarianism(素食主义), or saw lack of sunshine as a cause of stomach discomfort. They have particular (54)______ regardless, but all of the food reformers had a common philosophy: bad eating habits led to social disorder. Like physical fitness supporters, they saw a connection between reshaping the body and reshaping American society to improve the individual and the country.
    The physical fitness movement declined in the years preceding the Civil War, then (55)______, as Americans began to live in cities and worked before desks all day long. Advocates promoted "Muscular Christianity," a movement begun in England, which stressed that the best and most moral Christians were those with (56)______ bodies. And this really disturbed the traditional ideas about health.

             Word Bank:
A. advance              I. nationally
B. sound                J. shaped
C. rapidly              K. nutrition
D. spoiled              L. appetite
E. preference           M. revived
F. marvelous            N. alternative
G. degrade              O. rigorous
H. unified
选项
答案M
解析 空中应填动词的过去式与前面的declined并列。此处讲的是the physical fitness movement的发展过程。由as American to live in cities and worked before desks all day long可知美国人正面临严重的健康问题，再结合后句中Muscular Christianity这种运动的兴起可知，本句讲的是健身运动由衰落到复兴的过程，因此M. revived为答案。
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