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So many people say they struggle with names, even when they’re looking directly at the person whose name they’re trying to recal

admin2023-02-22  93
问题     So many people say they struggle with names, even when they’re looking directly at the person whose name they’re trying to recall. Why does this happen? Why can we recognize someone’s face but not their name? We need to delve a bit deeper into how human memory works to grasp what’s really going on.
    Firstly, faces are very informative. Expressions, eye contact, mouth movements, these are all fundamental ways humans communicate. Facial features also reveal a lot about a person: eye color, hair col-or, bone structure, teeth arrangement; all things that can be used to recognize a person.【B16】___________
    Compared to all this, what does someone’s name have to offer? Potentially some clues as to their background or cultural origin, but in general it’s just a couple of words, a sequence of arbitrary syllables, a brief series of noises that you’re informed belong to a specific face.
    As it turns out, for a random piece of conscious information to go from short-term memory to long-term memory, it usually has to be repeated and rehearsed.【B17】___________ If you meet  someone and they’re the most beautiful person you’ve ever seen and you fall instantly in love, you’d be whispering the object of your affection’s name to yourself for weeks.
    【B18】________________________________________
    The trouble is, this approach takes time and uses mental resources. This means that something you’re thinking about can be easily overwritten or replaced by the next thing you encounter and have to process. When you first meet someone, it’s extremely rare for them to tell you their name and nothing else. You’re invariably going to be involved in a conversation about where you’re from, what you do for work, hobbies, that sort of thing.
    One difference between short- and long-term memory is that they both have different overall preferences for the type of information they process. Short-term memory is largely aural, focusing on processing information in the form of words and specific sounds.【B19】______________
    In contrast to this, the long-term memory also relies heavily on vision and semantic qualities (the meaning of words, rather than the sounds that form them).【B20】__________________
    Overall, faces are more memorable than names because they’re more "tangible," whereas remembering someone’s name is more likely to require full recall than simple recognition.
    [A]  The brain has many strategies for making the most of short-term memory, and one of these is that if you are provided with a lot of details in one go, the brain’s memory systems tend to emphasize the first thing you hear and the last thing you hear.
    [B]  This is why you have an internal monologue, and think using sentences and language, rather than a series of images like a film. Someone’s name is an example of aural information; you hear the words, and think of it in terms of the sounds that form them.
    [C]  This is because your memory associates the name you hear with the person you’re interacting with, so a connection is formed in your brain between person and name.
    [D]  This doesn’t usually happen when you meet someone, so if you wish to learn someone’s name, the only guaranteed way to remember it is to rehearse it while it’s still in your short-term memory.
    [E]  So much so that the human brain has seemingly evolved several features to aid and enhance facial recognition and processing, such as pattern recognition and a general predisposition to pick out faces in random images.
    [F]  So a rich visual stimulus, like, say, someone’s face, is more likely to be remembered long term than some random aural stimulus, like an unfamiliar name.
    [G]  However, you can sometimes skip this step, particularly if the information is attached to something deeply important or stimulating, meaning an episodic memory is formed.
【B20】
选项
答案F
解析 空格前指出长期记忆很依赖视觉和语义信息。空格处可能会进一步论述这一观点，也可能与短期记忆作比较。F对短期记忆和长期记忆所处理的信息类型进行了比较(visual stimulus是长期记忆处理的信息类型，而aural stimulus是短期记忆处理的信息类型)，正好对前述两种记忆处理不同信息的情况进行总结。此外，F提到的visual stimulus(比如人脸)比aural stimulus(比如陌生的名字)更能够被长时间记住，也与下一段的faces are more memorable than names相一致，前后语义连贯，故本题选F。
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