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  3. If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is n

If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is n

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问题     If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as【C1】________to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired or【C2】________at the lowest possible cost—much【C3】________ one buys raw materials or equipment.
    The lack of importance【C4】________to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second【C5】________command. The【C6】________of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who【C7】________it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to【C8】________to Chief Executive Officer (CEO).【C9】________, in Japan the head of human resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s【C10】________ .
    As a【C11】________, problems【C12】________when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn【C13】________to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is【C14】________in Germany than it is in the United Stated. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for【C15】________retraining【C16】________costs and creates bottlenecks that【C17】________the speed with【C18】________new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological【C19】________. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population【C20】________the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
【C19】
选项 A、innovation
B、recession
C、progression
D、adaptation
答案A
解析 本填空选择名词，该名词处于表语的位置，因此一个关键线索是定位主语，即The result；这个主语加了定冠词the，实际指的就是前文的美国工人的技能有问题造成的结果，那么这个结果一定是负面的。理解了这一点，这里的表语就是The result的具体内容，再加上已知线索a slower pace of technological，四个选项中首先排除B)recession(衰退)；选项D)adaptation(调整)的意思不很明确；答案在选项A)innovation和C)progression之间选择，英文中与technological搭配表示“技术进步”概念的常用名词为A)。innovation，所以本题的最佳答案为选项A)。
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