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  3. A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money

A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money

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问题     A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.
    If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most-- people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes-- he would probably answer: those With declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947 - 1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. "In a few months," she said, "we’ll have to pay more for meat and milky we’ll have less to spend on other things." Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evoked. This is shown by the following typical comment: "I just don’t pay these prices; they are too high."
    The investigations mentioned above were carried on in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conducive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.
The writer in this article concludes
选项 A、that the saving and spending patterns in Great Britain are better than those in America
B、that the consumers always expect the price to rise a bit at sessions
C、that maintaining stable prices is a correct business policy
D、that people’s income and consumption level are interrelated
答案C
解析 本题中A没有提到，因此是错误的。第二段倒数第六句“The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying.”表明对价格增长的期待不能刺激消费，因此说明D是错的。根据第二段的第二句“Actually，in the years 1947— 1950，the answer was; people with rising incomes．People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least．”我们可以判断D是错误的，因为越是收入高的人借得越多，而收入低的人其次，收入稳定才借得最少，所以只有C that maintaining stable prices ia a correct business policy 是正确的。
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