2. 外语
  3. In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically

In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically

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问题     In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically (在生理学方面) be【S1】______of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be【S2】______through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic【S3】______by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called "classical conditioning." This occurs when one event or stimulus is【S4】______ paired with, or followed by, a reward or【S5】______. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to【S6】______his mother’s face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar【S7】______
    The second kind of learning is called "operant conditioning." This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his【S8】______and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always【S9】______to her baby when he cries and cuddles (搂抱) him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.
    Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television,【S10】______with other people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions and leads us to like some people and dislike others.

A) personage         B) interacting        C) fashion          D) associate
E) occasionally      F) adheres            G) modified         H) capable
I) improved          J) processes          K) consistently     L) appreciation
M) attends           N) punishment         O) environment
【S5】
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大学英语四级

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