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  3. Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to

Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to

admin2018-04-19  73
问题    Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.
   Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms: if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.
   But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.
   Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.
   John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly "thin slice" information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in "thick sliced" long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.
   Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:
   dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.
The time needed in making decisions may______.
选项 A、vary according to the urgency of the situation
B、prove the complexity of our brain reaction
C、depend on the importance of the assessment
D、predetermine the accuracy of our judgment
答案D
解析 推断题。题干问的是“做决定所需要的时间可以______”。文章第一段提到“如果我们花时间想一想我们可能是如何反应的，就能够减轻甚至消除我们快速本能反应带来的负面影响”，也就是说我们做决定所花的时间决定了我们判断的准确性。第二段提到评估其他因素时，为了得到准确的结果，我们需要更多的时间。D项“可预先决定我们判断的准确性”符合原文意思，accuracy为原文accurately的同义复现。A项“依形势紧急性而定”、B项“证明我们大脑反应的复杂性”、C项“取决于评估的重要性”，这三项原文均未提及。
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