2. 外语
  3. Read the following text carefully and then translate the Underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written cl

Read the following text carefully and then translate the Underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written cl

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问题    Read the following text carefully and then translate the Underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
   【61】 The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fir% although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.
   The origin of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually. 【62】 Animals have a few cries that serve as signals, but even the highest apes haven’t been found able to pronounce words, even with the most intensive professional instructions. The superior brain of man is apparently a necessity for the mastering of speech. When man be came sufficiently intelligent, we must suppose that he gradually increased the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day when he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think that in this respect picture language preceded oral language. A man could draw a picture on the wall of his cave to show in which direction he had gone, or what prey to catch. Probably picture language and oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language is the most important single factor in the development of man.
   Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture was a stop in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age. 【63】 Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practised. These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.
   Another fundamental technical advance was writing, which, like spoken language, developed out of pictures but as soon as it had reached a certain stage, it was possible to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given.
   【64】 These inventions and discoveries—fire, speech, weapons, domestic animals, agriculture and writing—made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B.C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than 200 years ago there was no technical advance comparable to these. During the long period man had enough time to become accustomed to his technique, and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it. There was, of course, an immense extention in the area of civilized life. At first, it had been confined to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris and the Indus, but at the end of of the period in question it covered the greater part of the inhabitable globe. I don’t mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during this long time. 【65】 There was progress—there were even two inventions of great importance, namely gunpowder and the mariner’s compass— but neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.
【61】
选项
答案在人类文明发展的进程中，最初的两个阶段可能是原始武器的发明和火的发现，但没有人确切地知道，人类是在什么时候学会利用火的。
解析 由although引导的是让步状语从句；when he acquired the use of the latter是宾语从句，做know的宾语；in the development of意为“在…发展中”。
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