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  3. In the United States in the early 1800’s, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal gover

In the United States in the early 1800’s, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal gover

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问题     In the United States in the early 1800’s, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal government. States chartered (批准,发执照) manufacturing, banking, mining, and transportation firms and participated in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes (收税公路) , and railroads. The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinct ways: first, by actually establishing state companies to build such improvements; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a profit.
    In the early nineteenth century, state governments also engaged in a surprisingly large amount of direct regulatory activity, including extensive licensing and inspection programs. Licensing targets reflected both similarities in and differences between the economy of the nineteenth century and that of today: in the nineteenth century, state regulation through licensing fell especially on peddlers, innkeepers, and retail merchants of various kinds. The perishable (易坏的) commodities of trade generally came under state inspection, and such important frontier staples as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixing by businesses.
    Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive. Its goals were the facilitation (方便条件) of western settlement and the development of native industries. Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses of action. It established a national bank to stabilize banking activities in the country and, in part, to provide a supply of relatively easy money to the frontier, where it was greatly needed for settlement. It permitted access to public western lands on increasingly easy terms, culminating (到达极点) in the Homestead Act of 1862, by which title the land could be claimed on the basis of residence alone. Finally, it set up a system of tariffs (关税) that was basically protectionist in effect, although maneuvering for position by various regional interests produced frequent changes in tariff rates throughout the nineteenth century.
Which of the following activities was the responsibility of the federal government in the nineteenth century?
选项 A、Controlling of the manufacture of gunpowder.
B、Determining the conditions under which individuals worked.
C、Regulation of the supply of money.
D、Inspection of new homes built on western lands.
答案C
解析 本题问下面哪种活动是19世纪联邦政府的职责。文章最后一段指出，州政府在这一时期的经济活动中起着主导作用，但联邦政府也不是毫无用处的。联邦政府以为开拓西部和本国工业发展提供方便条件为目标。它建立了国家银行以稳定国内的金融活动，为开拓边疆而需要大量钱的地区提供部分相对灵活的资金。因此，19世纪的联邦政府的职责是调整所需资金。所以，本题的正确答案应是C。
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