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  3. Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Pre

Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Pre

admin2013-01-18  48
问题     Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning.
    When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguard’s pager. In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for its manufacturer, Poseidon Technologies.
    Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overhead video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers, trajectories. To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool. "The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around." Says McQuade.
    The software does this by "projecting" a shape in its field of view onto an image on the far wall of the pool. It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.
    To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the software’s "pre-alert" list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures the pool’s floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmer’s location on a poolside screen.
    The first full-scale Poseid6n system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools—and he was once an underwater escapologist with a circus. "I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives," he says. But he adds that any local authority spending ￡30,000— plus on a Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim.
What is required of Al software to save a life?
选项 A、It must be able to swim.
B、It must keep walking round the pool.
C、It must distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow.
D、It must save a life within a few months.
答案C
解析 这道题问的是：为了拯救一条生命，人工智能软件必须具备什么样的条件。C它必须能区分游泳的人与影子。这个意思可以从第三段中找到。第三段有这样一句话，意思是说：它(人工智能软件)必须能区分一个游泳的人与投射到池底或池壁的某个人的影子。如果这句话为真，C必然为真。这是逻辑蕴含。因此C是正确的答案。A它必须能游泳。B说的是：它必须在游泳池周围来回走。这两种回答都不对，因为人工智能软件不是机器人。D它在几个月中就能拯救一条生命。
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