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  3. Futurists have identified two changes that seem to be central to contemporary social life. First, the United States is being res

Futurists have identified two changes that seem to be central to contemporary social life. First, the United States is being res

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问题      Futurists have identified two changes that seem to be central to contemporary social life. First, the United States is being restructured from an industrial to an information society. Second, modem societies are increasingly shifting from a national to a global economy. Futurists have applied a good many metaphors to these changes, including Daniel Bell’s "postindustrial society," Alvin Toffler’s "the third wave" and John Naisbitt’s "megatrends". Common to these metaphors is the notion that American society is shifting from the production of goods to the production of services and from society based on the coordination of people and machines to a society organized around knowledge. These changes, it is contended, will afford a great variety of choices. The world will increasingly be one of many flavors, not just vanilla or chocolate.
     Many observers of contemporary American life believe that we are witnessing a historical change and the first major impact of the shift from an energy economy to an information economy. For 300 years technology has been cast in a mechanical model, one based on the combustion processes that go on inside a star like the sun. The steam engine opened the mechanical age, and it reached its apex with the discovery of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, which replicated the energy producing processes of a star. We now seem to be moving toward a biological model based on information and involving the intensive use of materials. Although biological processes need physical energy and materials, they tend to substitute information for both. Biological processes "miniaturize" size, energy, and materials by "exploding" information. The human brain is some ten times the size, and weight of the brain of a monkey, but it handles a billion times more information. As a result, high tech industries are information intensive rather than energy or material intensive.
     Sociologists have played and will continue to play an important role in assessing and interpreting these developments and other aspects of change.
It can be inferred that underlying the two changes is the change of
选项 A、the instrument of production.
B、the size of the society.
C、the social structure.
D、the economic market.
答案A
解析 本题考查推理判断。第一段指出，美国社会正在发生两方面的变化：其一，它正在由一个工业社会向信息社会转变；其二，区域经济模式正在向全球化经济模式转变。未来学家们用了许多词来描述这种转变：“后工业社会”、“第三次浪潮”、“大趋势”等。这些描述无非是想说明：美国社会正在由产品的生产向第三产业的生产转化，由基于人与机器协作的社会向以知识产业为中心的社会发展。可见，在这两大转变的底层(underlying the two changes)是生产方式的转变。因此，选项 A 为正确答案。
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