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  3. "You are not here to tell me what to do. You are here to tell me why I have done what I have already decided to do," Montagu Nor

"You are not here to tell me what to do. You are here to tell me why I have done what I have already decided to do," Montagu Nor

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问题     "You are not here to tell me what to do. You are here to tell me why I have done what I have already decided to do," Montagu Norman, the Bank of England’s longest-serving governor (1920-1944), is reputed to have once told his economic adviser. Today, thankfully, central banks aim to be more transparent in their decision making, as well as more rational. But achieving either of these things is not always easy. With the most laudable of intentions, the Federal Reserve, America’s central bank, may be about to take a step that could backfire.
    Unlike the Fed, many other central banks have long declared explicit inflation targets and then set interest rates to try to meet these. Some economists have argued that the Fed should do the same. With Alan Greenspan, the Fed’s much-respected chairman, due to retire next year—after a mere 18 years in the job—some Fed officials want to adopt a target, presumably to maintain the central bank’s credibility in the scary new post-Greenspan era. The Fed discussed such a target at its February meeting, according to minutes published this week. This sounds encouraging. However, the Fed is considering the idea just when some other central banks are beginning to question whether strict inflation targeting really works.
    At present central banks focus almost exclusively on consumer-price indices. On this measure Mr. Greenspan can boast that inflation remains under control. But some central bankers now argue that the prices of assets, such as houses and shares, should also somehow be taken into account. A broad price index for America which includes house prices is currently running at 5. 5%, its fastest pace since 1982. Inflation has simply taken a different form.
    Should central banks also try to curb increases in such asset prices? Mr. Greenspan continues to insist that monetary policy should not be used to prick asset-price bubbles. Identifying bubbles is difficult, except in retrospect, he says, and interest rates are a blunt weapon: an increase big enough to halt rising prices could trigger a recession. It is better, he says, to wait for a housing or stock market bubble to burst and then to cushion the economy by cutting interest rates—as he did in 2001 -2002.
    And yet the risk is not just that asset prices can go swiftly into reverse. As with traditional inflation, surging asset prices also distort price signals and so can cause a misallocation of resources—encouraging too little saving, for example, or too much investment in housing. Surging house prices may therefore argue for higher interest rates than conventional inflation would demand. In other words, strict inflation targeting—the fad of the 1990s—is too crude.
According to the text, it is upsetting that the Federal Reserve does not take into account inflation targets______.
选项 A、until what to do is clarified
B、until explicit inflation targets are declared
C、until increases in asset prices are curbed
D、until its efficiency is cast doubt on
答案D
解析 这是一道细节题，测试考生识别和理解原文中重要信息的能力。本题的答案信息来源于原文第二段的倒数第一、二句，这两句的大意是：“这听起来令人鼓舞。但是，美联储刚刚开始考虑这个想法，此时其他一些中央银行开始质疑精确的通货膨胀的目标是否的确起作用”。这表明美联储的动作晚了一步。由此可以推断本题的正确选项应该是D“until its efficiency is cast doubt on”(直到其效用被置疑)。考生在阅读时要善于捕捉转折词所引导出的重要信息内容。
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