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  3. Read this text taken from a book on marketing management. Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps. For each gap (9-14)

Read this text taken from a book on marketing management. Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps. For each gap (9-14)

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问题 Read this text taken from a book on marketing management.
Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.
For each gap (9-14), mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.
Do not use any letter more than once.
There is an example at the beginning, (0).
            The Development of the Shoe Industry
    From 1900 until 1940s, approximately 400 shoe manufacturers were operating in New England; by 1985, only 10 percent remained. (0) C . Murrayhill survived by producing a premium-quality product that was difficult to duplicate and that appealed to a narrow market segment willing to pay high prices for Murrayhill quality. As fashion became a more important component of men’s shoe purchasing behavior and casual styles became more popular, the company broadened its product line to include several fashionable and light-weight styles that retained the famous Murrayhill quality. (9)............. In 1985, the men’s premium shoe market was considered to include brands with a price range of $75 or higher. Murrayhill, Inc. Hohnston & Murphy, E. T. Wright &. Company, Alien Edmonds, and Florsheim were the major domestic manufacturers producing premium shoes. Measuring market share within the industry was . difficult because so many of the manufacturers were private companies, like Murrayhill. (10)............. Alien Edmonds, headquartered in Wisconsin, relied primarily on nonproprietary retail outlets for its distribution. Its advertising was sizable, with expenditures in $ 1 million to $ 2 million range. (11)............. Alien Edmonds also operated a small direct mail catalog business, the majority of whose costs were handled by Edmonds’s retail accounts. E. T. Wright & Company, headquartered in Massachusetts, operated an extensive direct mail business and, like Murrayhill, relied on non-proprietary distribution. (12)............. Florsheim’s product line covered several price points, including those in the premium market. Florsheim was, by far, the strongest competitor, with an estimated market share of 18 percent and both non-proprietary retail distribution channels. Hanover, a mediumpriced shoe manufacturer, also was noted for its direct distribution system. (13)............. Imports accounted for a 50 percent share of the total men’s shoe market. Bally, the strongest competitor, was the leading imported brand in this market before 1975 and maintained a market share of close to 25 percent at that time. By 1985, other imported brands included Baker Benjes, Cole Ham, Ferragamo, Bruno Magli, and Church’s. (14)............. Most of the imported brands were lighter in weight and designed to appeal to more fashion-conscious consumers.

A The continued labor intensity of shoe manufacturing made the industry vulnerable to lower-priced imports.
B In addition, these companies were not always in direct competition because distribution channels differed.
C Despite the market pressures, Murrayhill remained profitable and had even diversified its distribution channels by establishing direct mail cataloging in the late 1970s.
D Johnston & Murrayhill, on the other hand, operated proprietary retail outlets and experimented in the mail order business for both men’s and ladies’ premium shoes.
E Most of this was spent promoting brand name awareness to consumers.
F The company owned over 100 proprietary retail stores, operated a successful mail order business, and produced private label footwear, for J. C. Penney & Sears, Roebuck department stores.
G The imported products differed from the domestic premium brands, however.
H Nonetheless, Murrayhill faced several strong domestic competitors and unrelenting price competition from imports.
选项
答案B
解析 该选项的意思是：此外，这些企业并非直接竞争，因为分销渠道不同。此句之前，文章提到由于私有企业占相当大的比重，很难确定各个企业的市场份额。此句之后，又列举了几个企业的不同分销渠道，同样也可以说明市场份额难以确定的原因。由此可见，此句与前面提到的私有原因并列提出的另一难以确定市场份额的原因——分销渠道各不相同。故正确答案为B。
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