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  3. 　　On her first morning in America, last summer, my daughter went out to explore her new neighborhood—alone, without even telling

　　On her first morning in America, last summer, my daughter went out to explore her new neighborhood—alone, without even telling

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问题 　　On her first morning in America, last summer, my daughter went out to explore her new neighborhood—alone, without even telling my wife or me. Of course we were worried; we had just moved from Berlin, and she was just 8. But when she came home, we realized we had no reason to panic. Beaming with pride, she told us how she had discovered the little park around the corner, and had made friends with a few local dog owners. She had taken possession of her new environment, and was keen to teach us things we didn’ t know.
　　When this story comes up in conversations with American friends, we are usually met with polite disbelief. Most are horrified by the idea that their children might roam around without adult supervision. A study by the University of California, Los Angeles, has found that American kids spend 90 percent of their leisure time at home. Even when kids are physically active, they are watched closely by adults. Such narrowing of the child’s world has happened across the developed world. But Germany is generally much more accepting of letting children take some risks. To this German parent, it seems that America’ s middle class has taken overprotective parenting to a new level.
　　"We are depriving them of opportunities to learn how to take control of their own lives," writes Peter Gray, a research professor at Boston College. He argues that this increases "the chance that they will suffer from anxiety, depression, and so on," which have gone up dramatically in recent decades. He sees risky, outside play of children among themselves without adult supervision as a way of learning to control strong emotions like anger and fear.
　　I am no psychologist like Professor Gray, but I know I won’ t be around forever to protect my girl from the challenges life holds in store for her, so the earlier she develop the intellectual maturity to navigate the world, the better. And by giving kids more control over their lives, they learn to have more confidence in their own capabilities.
　　It is hard for parents to balance the desire to protect their children against the desire to make them more self-reliant. And every one of us has to decide for himself what level of risk he is ready to accept. But parents who prefer to keep their children always in sight and under their thumbs should consider what sort of trade-offs are involved in that choice.
According to Peter Gray, overprotection may lead to
选项 A、underlying risks.
B、mental disorders.
C、adolescent rebellion.
D、emotional problems.
答案B
解析 推断题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。彼得.格雷观点中的increases，the chance，suffer from与题干中的lead to表意一致，而文中的anxiety“焦虑”，depression“抑郁”都属于精神障碍，故B项是二者最准确的上义词，为正确答案。A项“潜在的风险”，C项“青春期的叛逆”和D项“情感问题”均太宽泛，不如B项概括准确，故排除。
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