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  3. Reading In this question, you will read a short passage on an achademic subject, and then listen to a talk on the same topic

Reading In this question, you will read a short passage on an achademic subject, and then listen to a talk on the same topic

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问题     Reading
    In this question, you will read a short passage on an achademic subject, and then listen to a talk on the same topic. Then you will answer a question using information from both the reading and the talk. After the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.
    Now read the passage about Joseph Pulitzer. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
Joseph Pulitzer: Father of the Pulitzer Prize
    Joseph Pulitzer was born in Mak6, Hungary, on 10 April, 1847. After coming to the United States in 1864 to participate in the American Civil War, he settled in St. Louis, Missouri. It was as owner of the New York World newspaper, however, that Pulitzer made a name for himself with sensational human-interest stories and exposes. Along with William Randolph Hearst who owned a competing newspaper, Pulitzer was accused of creating yellow journalism, particularly with respect to the Spanish-American War. Pulitzer is best known for the Pulitzer prizes that are awarded every year for excellence in print journalism, literary achievements and musical composition.
    Listening

    Question
    Explain how the professor’s biography of Joseph Pulitzer expands upon the reading.
Did you hear about the Pulitzer Prize? Great! Almost everyone knows that. Well, the prize was established by Joseph Pulitzer, who owned the New York World newspaper in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. And he knew how to sell newspapers.., the New York World’s circulation grew from 15,000 copies to 600,000 under Pulitzer’s leadership. His competition with a rival newspaper, the New York Sun, owned by William Randolph Hearst pushed the limits of factual reporting and led to the pejorative term "yellow journalism." The term was taken from a cartoon called "The Yellow Kid," which, besides being immensely popular, was the first color comic printed in a newspaper--Pulitzer’s newspaper to be precise. The articles accused of yellow journalism were often exaggerated and went far beyond reporting facts.
    Pulitzer’s competition with Hearst was so fierce that it contributed to the escalation of the Spanish-American War. Hearst was so intent on gaining an advantage over Pulitzer that he reported the sinking of an American battleship by the Spanish military, even though evidence was contradictory at best. Both Hearst and Pulitzer went on exaggerating claims of atrocities committed by Spain and the ensuing outrage in America led to a brief war which the U.S. won.
    Much the same way Alfred Nobel created a prize to avoid being remembered as the inventor of dynamite, Pulitzer established his prize to leave a legacy greater than his battle with Hearst. He also left money to Columbia University to create a school of journalism, which today is one of the best in the world.
选项
答案 The lecturer expands on specific aspects of Pulitzer’s life that the reading passage only briefly touches. First, the reading passage mentioned that Pulitzer was blamed for his yellow journalism, but the lecturer defines it as a style of reporting that exaggerates facts. Second, the reading passage said that the competition between Pulitzer’s newspaper and Hearst’s resulted in yellow journalism. But the lecturer added that the competition also caused the Spanish-American War because they exaggerated atrocities done by Spain, which enraged the U.S. Third, while the reading passage just mentioned that the Pulitzer Prize was named after Joseph Pulitzer, the professor elaborated that Pulitzer established the prize because he didn’t want to be called the father of yellow journalism.
解析 这是综合型题目的第二种类型。这种题型中，可以把阅读短文看作框架，讲座看作添加的内容。因此在听讲座的时候要考虑到阅读短文里提出的概念，然后仔细倾听和这些概念相关的内容(事例或者具体的说明)。这里的问题是教授在讲座里是如何对约瑟夫?普利策的一生进行补充说明的。
    首先，阅读短文里提出的主要概念包括：1．约瑟夫?普利策和威廉?伦道夫?赫斯特的两个报社之间的竞争产生了黄色新闻；2．普利策是普利策奖的创始人。另一方面，讲座以黄色新闻的产生经过为中心进行了说明。答案中首先对黄色新闻进行了定义其次提到黄色新闻是由两个报社的竞争引起的(如：有关美国一西班牙战争的报导)；接下来说明了普利策奖的产生背景。答题的时候容易偏重于黄色新闻的概念，但是要注意焦点还是在普利策这个人物上。参考答案的要点如下：
    1. yellow journalism—a reporting style that exaggerates facts
    2. create yellow journalism by the competition of two newspapers
    ex.) Spanish -American War (cause Americans’ outrage by exaggerating atrocities done by Spain)
    3. establish the Pulitzer Prize to avoid being remembered as the creator of yellow journalism
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