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  3. Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggest

Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggest

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问题     Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggests so. The structure of languages【C1】______our judgments and decisions about the future and this might have【C2】______long-term consequences.
    There has been a lot of research【C3】______how we deal with the future.【C4】______, the famous marshmallow studies of Walter Mischel and colleagues showed that being able to resist【C5】______is predictive of future success. Four-year-old kids were given a marshmallow and were told that【C6】______they do not eat that marshmallow and wait for the experimenter to come back, they will get two marshmallows instead of one. Follow-up studies showed that the kids who were able to wait for the bigger future【C7】______became more successful young adults.
    Chen’s recent findings suggest that an unlikely【C8】______, language, strongly influences our future-oriented【C9】______Some languages strongly distinguish the present and the future【C10】______other languages can only weakly tell them apart. Chen’s recent research suggests that people who speak languages that weakly distinguish the present and the future are better【C11】______for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to【C12】______their health. The way these people conceive the future is similar【C13】______the way they conceive the present. As a result, the future does not feel very【C14】______and it is easier for them to act【C15】______their future interests.
    Chen analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. The analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such as Mandarin, makes people accumulate more retirement【C16】______smoke less, exercise more, and【C17】______be healthier in older age. Language also has an impact on countries’ national savings rates.
    Chen’s research shows that language【C18】______our future-related thoughts. And the research also points at the possibility that the way we talk about the future can shape our mindsets. Language can【C19】______the future back and forth in our mental space and this might have significant【C20】______on our judgments and decisions.
【C6】
选项 A、since
B、when
C、if
D、though
答案C
解析 实验者给孩子们一颗糖，但他们被告知会得到两颗(will get two marsh mallows)，而得到两颗糖的前提是：他们等到实验者回来再吃。C项if意为“如果”，表示条件，指如果他们能等到实验者回来再吃糖就会获得两颗。
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