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  3. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

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问题     People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
    Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as "nature/nurture".
    Two who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
    Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
    Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
Which of the following statements would supporters of the "nature" theory agree with?
选项 A、A person’s instincts have little effect on his actions.
B、Environment is important in determining a person’s behavior and personality.
C、Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.
D、The behaviorists’ view correctly explains how we act.
答案C
解析 本题问支持本性论的人会同意以下哪种说法。根据文章一、二、三段的内容，我们知道，人们很长时间以来一直想知道人的性格和行为是如何形成的。人们很难解释为什么一个人很聪明而另一个人不聪明；有的人合作性强而有的人竞争性强。社会学家用两种理论来解释这一现象：一是本性论，二是教养论。持本性论的人认为我们的性格和行为特征很大程度上是由生物学因素和遗传因素决定的。周围环境对人的能力、性格和行为几乎没有什么影响。因此本题的正确答案应是C。
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