2. 外语
  3. Read carefully the following excerpt, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should: 1) Summar

Read carefully the following excerpt, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should: 1) Summar

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问题     Read carefully the following excerpt, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:
    1) Summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
    2) Comment on whether it is necessary to go vegetarians or not. You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.
    Giving up meat can make our planet better. Whether this is true or not is debated widely. The following are two different opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue.
    Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
                                        Can Going Vegetarians Save Our Planet?
    Many people are surprised to learn that livestock farming is responsible for a high level of green house gas emissions, which are known to cause global warming. One study estimates that the farming of animals causes more emissions (18%) than the world’s entire transport system (13.5%). There are even more interesting statistics about the impact that livestock have on global warming. For example, nitrous oxide is almost 300 times more damaging to the climate than carbon dioxide, and 65% of the total quantity produced comes from livestock. Methane is another gas that causes global warming, and cows and sheep are responsible for 37% of total methane emissions.
    However, for most of human history, cattle, sheep and goats have eaten the grass on land that is not suitable for growing crops or grain. By doing this, they convert grass that is inedible into meat and milk. Even today, sheep or goats can be the most efficient way to get food from some land. In a world where more than a billion people do not have enough food to eat, taking this land out of the food production process would create even less food security for many people. Moreover, when land is very dry or hilly, grazing by livestock often causes much less damage to the environment than growing crops.
选项
答案 Can Going Vegetarians Save Our Planet? Whether becoming a vegetarian or meat eater helps better our environment has been ever discussed widely. The excerpt reveals two conflicting ideas. One claims that eating meat or raising livestock has a harmful impact on our natural environment while the other argues that stock farming takes advantage of unproductive land and also provides a solution to food scarcity. It seems that either side makes sense. According to supporters for vegetarians in the excerpt, eating meat means a large number of livestock to be raised. This, with some proven statistics, would result in the increase of carbon emission, consequently leading to global warming. However, long before the Industrial Revolution, meat production had existed, which did not cause the rise of temperature as it does now. In this way, only overgrazing creates many problems, including damage to grass root, carbon emission and maybe deforestation. However, opponents think that farming of animals could create sufficient food and make the best of poor land such as hills or dry land. Compared with the negative effects on the environment by crop growth, animal farming seems to damage less. Admittedly, in land unsuitable to grow crops, it is a good idea to raise livestock to produce more food as well as effectively use the land. However, in fertile land, farming animals may not be a good choice. It runs at the cost of cutting trees to make room for cattle and sheep, which may instead bring more problems to locals. In summary, animal farming in barren land may help produce meat and almost have no damage to the environment but it can increase carbon emission and worsen our environment. So it is a hard choice to make. More factors should be taken into consideration to come up with a final decision.
解析 在准备这一写作任务时，一定要先读所给题目说明：不吃肉是否可以让我们的星球更好。在这一基础上，我们才能对所给短文进行正确的理解。文中提出两种观点，一方面认为吃肉加剧了全球变暖，有数据为证；另一方面则认为吃肉不仅解决食物问题，而且和种植粮食作物相比造成的环境破坏少。因此，所给材料集中的冲突在于吃肉对环境的影响。
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