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  3. Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consu

Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consu

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问题     Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption of energy and increased demand for raw materials, accelerated flow of materials through the economy and increased quantities of metals and other substances in use each person. The history of industrial development abounds with examples.
    In 1870, horses and mules were prime sources of power on U. S. farms. One horse or mule was required to support four human beings—a ratio that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the horse and mule population for 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic or technological turn of mind. Had they been "economists" , they would probably have projected the 1970 horse or mule population to be more than 50 million. Had they been "technologists" , they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been used in industry and land and ocean transport. They would have recognized further that it would be the prime source of power on farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly.
It can be inferred from the passage that by 1870______.
选项 A、technology began to be more economical
B、the steam engine had been invented
C、the U. S. horse population was about 10 million
D、a national commission on agriculture had been established
答案B
解析 细节题。A、C、D并未在文章中有所提及。根据第二段Had they been“technologists”，they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been used inindustry and land and ocean transport．可知技术专家已经意识到蒸气动力用于工业和陆运、海运的功能了，故B正确。
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