首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
admin
2023-01-17
80
问题
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense. And science advances through cross-fertilization between projects. Barriers to that exchange slow it down.
There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government. Recently it announced that, the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available, free and online, for anyone to read and redistribute.
Britain’s government is not alone. Soon the European Union followed suit. In the U.S., the National Institutes of Health (NM, the single biggest source of civilian research funds in the world) has required open-access publishing since 2008. And the Wellcome Trust, a British foundation that is the world’s second-biggest charitable source of scientific money, after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that those who receive its support should make their work available free.
Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things. One is that their processes take months, when the Internet could enable them to take days. The other is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down. The publishers thus have scientists—or, more accurately, their universities, which pay the subscriptions—in an armlock. That, combined with the fact that the raw material (manuscripts of papers) is free, leads to generous returns. In 2011, Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher, made a profit of £768 million on revenues of £2.06 billion—a margin of 37 percent. Indeed, Elsevier’s profits are thought so
egregious
by many people that 12,000 researchers have signed up to boycott the company’s journals.
Publishers do provide a service. They organize peer reviews, in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts (though those experts, like the authors of papers, are seldom paid for what they do). They also
sort the scientific sheep from the goats
, by deciding what gets published, and where. That gives the publishers huge power. Since researchers, administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism, the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system becomes self-reinforcing, increasing the value of those journals still further.
But not, perhaps, for much longer. Support has been swelling for open-access scientific-publishing: doing it online, in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge. The movement started among scientists themselves, but governments are paying attention and asking whether they might also benefit from the change.
Much remains to be worked out. Some fear the loss of the traditional journals’ curation and verification of research. Even Sir Mark Walport, the director of the Wellcome Trust and a fierce advocate of open-access publication, worries that the newly liberated papers have ended up in different places rather than being consolidated in the way they want.Arevolution, then, has begun. Technology permits it; researchers and politicians want it. If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be.
The first two paragraphs intend to indicate that________.
选项
A、taxpayers should make great efforts to exchange ideas
B、publishers are regarded as a negative factor in science
C、the government is liable to pay for research expenses
D、the results of research projects are freely available to the public
答案
B
解析
通读前两段可知,第一段为引入,笼统地表示纳税人所资助的项目成果应该公开;第二段才是核心观点所在,即越来越多人觉得期刊出版社在阻碍科学的交流,关键字是“impediment”,因此B项“出版社被视为科学中一个消极因素”正确。A项“纳税人要努力交流观点”和C项“政府应负责支付研究经费”,文中均未提及,因此排除。D项“研究项目成果免费向公众公开”,文中说的是“应该”这么做,但实际上还未实现,因此排除D项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/4CcD777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
AdecadeagobiologistsidentifiedaremoteprotectedareainnorthernLaos,calledNamEt-PhouLouey,asthecountry’sprobable
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave【C1】________thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomedi
Howseriouslyshouldparentstakekids’opinionswhensearchingforahome?Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClain’skidsh
Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivists
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
Bettingagainstanindustrywithaddictsforcustomerscarriesobviousrisks.【C1】________theseareuncertaintimesforBigTobac
[A]Makesuretorecover.[B]Focusonconsistency.[C]Enjoyonestyleoftraining.[D]Don’tbeafraidofintensity.[E]
Rowethinksacivilizedlifeismadepossiblebypeopledoing________.
随机试题
在JAVAWEB应用程序中,给定一个Servlet的doGet方法中的代码片段如下所示,那么在MyServlet中可以使用()语句把属性name的值取出来。request.setAttribute("name","zhang");resp
法约尔将企业组织的全部活动分为哪六种?
进出肺门的结构不包括
临床上为无牙颌患者确定垂直距离最常用的方法是
外国投资者并购境内企业设立外商投资企业,外国投资者应自外商投资企业营业执照颁发之日起3个月内向转让股权的股东或出售资产的境内企业支付全部对价。()
2002年2月,三部委联合出台了个人教育贷款开办的“四定三考核”政策,为()。
各级旅游主管部门应当积极开展导游培训,依据《导游管理办法》,下列关于旅游主管部门开展导游培训的说法中,正确的有()。
毛泽东指出,中国的红色政权能够存在与发展的客观条件有()
一台主机的IP地址为202.113.224.68,子网屏蔽码为255.255.255.240,那么这台主机的主帆号为______。
Smallandmedium-sizedbusinesseshavehadahardtimeoverthelastfewyears.IntheUK,thousandsofbusinesseshavegoneban
最新回复
(
0
)