首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What Is Reading I. Reading is a complex and【T1】______ process【T1】______ —e. g., a story of two fictional Greek boys —Dimitris:
What Is Reading I. Reading is a complex and【T1】______ process【T1】______ —e. g., a story of two fictional Greek boys —Dimitris:
admin
2018-04-10
59
问题
What Is Reading
I. Reading is a complex and【T1】______ process【T1】______
—e. g., a story of two fictional Greek boys
—Dimitris: has learned to【T2】______ but doesn’t know the local【T2】______
dialect of the letter
—Gregoris: is【T3】______ but knows the local dialect of the letter【T3】______
—the result:
—Dimitris【T4】______ the words【T4】______
—Gregoris translates the contents into【T5】______【T5】______
—conclusion; reading isn’t simply about "sounding out the letters"
II. The different processes of learning speaking and reading
A. differences between reading and speaking
—reading: cannot be learned directly by simply spending time
with【T6】______【T6】______
—speaking: can be learned by【T7】______ to a linguistic【T7】______
environment
B. methods of learning speaking and reading
—speaking: a【T8】______ scheme【T8】______
—genetically programmed and geared to the priorities of each particular mother tongue
—reading: pedagogy
—learned formally, taught and【T9】______【T9】______
—【T10】______ in fiction: Tarzan, King of the Jungle and La【T10】______
Gloire de mon pere (My Father’s Glory)
HI. Reading is the result of a patient apprenticeship【T11】______ 【T11】______
patient teachers
A. process: learning how to make sense of words, sentences, the
"【T12】______ " of a text【T12】______
B. notice; a text is not simply【T13】______【T13】______
—"befores" and "afters", cause and effect, or【T14】______【T14】______
between two events
C. learner-reader of fiction;
—understand the usage of【T15】______ and the definite article【T15】______
—e. g., "Catherine", "she" and "the pretty little girl" refer to the same person
【T14】
What Is Reading
Good morning, everyone, welcome to my lecture. This is the first of six lectures entitled "The Mysteries of Reading and Writing". Tonight I’d like to open the subject up by asking a series of questions and suggesting possible answers to some of them. The answers to the rest of the questions will emerge during the course of later lectures, or at least that’s the plan.
We take reading for granted. Once we’ve gained basic literacy, our competence increases with practice and we don’t think much about it until we attempt to help someone else to learn to read. Then we’re struck by what a long and difficult process learning to read is, and indeed how difficult it is to define. In France, in Burgundy, this summer I was struck by a sign directing people to a "Station de lecture du pay sage"—A Post for Reading the Landscape.
(1) Reading is also a very complex and in some way mysterious business.
I’d like to tell a little story to illustrate this. Imagine two young Greek boys, playing in the attic of a house in rural Greece. They come across an old chest, and in it, a letter. They persuade each other that it includes instructions as to where to find valuables hidden during the Second World War. (2) One, let’s say Dimitris, has learned to read but doesn’t know the local dialect in which the letter is written. (3) The other, let’s say Gregoris, is illiterate, but is familiar with the local dialect. Dimitris gazes frustratedly at the words on the page while Gregoris asks impatiently what the letter says. (4) Dimitris starts to "sound out" the words and Gregoris encourages him, occasionally correcting a slight mis-pronunciation. When Dimitris reaches the end of the letter, (5) Gregoris is able to translate its contents into Modern Greek and they are then both aware of what the letter says.
Now, who has "read" the letter? It can’t be Gregoris, as he is illiterate, nor can it be Dimitris as he doesn’t know the local dialect. So we have to conclude that the reading process has been shared and collaborative.
Reading isn’t simply about "sounding out the letters". Nor can we do it without a certain oral competence in the language we’re reading.
(6) Reading is specific to the human species, like speech, but reading doesn’t follow, or at least not directly, from innate capabilities which are activated simply by spending time with written materials. (7) With rare exceptions children learn to speak by being exposed to a linguistic environment and being encouraged into linguistic exchanges. (8) They learn to talk according to a developmental scheme, which is both genetically programmed and geared to the properties of each particular mother tongue.
(9) But reading, as opposed to speaking, has to be learned "formally". It has to be "taught" and assimilated, either in childhood or later. Without the pedagogy, children remain illiterate. It is a tragedy that there are some 774 million, roughly 20% of the global adult population, illiterate people in the world. I say "a tragedy" because I believe that reading greatly extends our understanding of the world and of ourselves.
(10) That reading has to be taught formally has sometimes been denied, at least in fiction.
Edgar Rice Burroughs, in Tarzan, King of the Jungle tells of the young savage child finding a reading primer in the cabin abandoned by an explorer—his father. He does his utmost to make sense of what he calls the "little insects", the letters, recognizing their recurrence and the combinations in which they appear. He teaches himself to read.
In Marcel Pagnol’s La Gloire de mon pere (My Father’s Glory) Pagnol explains how he taught himself, aged just four, to read. He was often left by his mother at the back of the classroom when his mother went shopping. He’d play with a toy and watch his father admiringly. His father assumed that he was amusing himself quietly and paying no attention to his lessons.
(11) Reading is the result of a patient apprenticeship guided by patient teachers. And it’s a complex process. (12) It begins with learning how to make sense of words, then sentences, and finally what we might call the "global meaning" of a text. (13) The apprentice reader has to understand that a text is not simply sentences placed together. Rather (14) there are "befores" and "afters", and there are relations of cause and effect, or finality, between two events. Without necessarily learning formal grammar, (15) the learner-reader of fiction has to understand that a character first introduced as Catherine, is the same character referred to later on by the pronoun "she", or the character who reappears as a definite article, followed by a noun, qualified by adjectives, "the pretty little girl" ; "Catherine" , "she" , and "the pretty little girl" are all the same "character". The more one thinks about reading, the more remarkable it is that it’s a skill that most of us are fortunate enough to have learnt, because language is a tricky and slippery business.
OK, today we have discussed what reading is. Reading is a complex and mysterious process and it’s different when we learn speaking and reading. Reading is the result of a patient apprenticeship guided by patient teachers. In my next lecture, we will continue discussing some effective methods of learning reading. Thanks for your attention.
选项
答案
finality
解析
由句(14)可知,讲话者在解释文本不仅仅是句子的叠加时提到,文本有前有后,有因有果,有两个事件之间的结局。因此答案为finality。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/3GoK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
(1)Thattitlealwayshadgrandeurtoit."MissAmerica."Ah,thissimple,arrogantbrilliance!ItsuggestsaPromqueenwhowant
(1)"Masterpiecesaredumb."wroteFlaubert."Theyhaveatranquilaspectliketheveryproductsofnature,likelargeanimalsan
StudyActivitiesinUniversityInordertohelpcollegeanduniversitystudentsintheprocessoflearning,fourkeystudya
A、Tolookintothementalhealthofoldpeople.B、Toexplainwhypeoplehavenegativeviewsonoldage.C、Tohelpcorrectsomef
A、Learners’literacyskills.B、Firstlanguagecapacities.C、Firstlanguagemaintenance.D、Secondlanguagestudystrategies.C访谈中
A、Askingasfewquestionsaspossible.B、Beingconfidenttotakecharge.C、Stressingyourqualificationandeducationbackground
HowtoConquerPublicSpeakingFearI.IntroductionA.Publicspeaking—acommonsourceofstressforeveryoneB.Thetruthabou
A、Shefeltbored.B、Shefeltlonely.C、Shecherishedthem.D、Thesubjectwaseasy.C面试的开头部分谈到了MissGreen的大学时光,根据原文关键词agreattim
A、Tobeagoodlistener.B、Tobeagoodadvisor.C、Tobeagoodmanager.D、Tobeagoodnurturer.B本题考查重要细节。根据句(9)可知,女性要想成为一个好老板
A、Toparticipateintheshows.B、Togiveadvicetopeople.C、Towritebooks.D、Toguidegirls’life.C本题设题点在采访开篇介绍处。根据句(1)可知,此次采
随机试题
冲突的类型有【】
我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。
钛合金包埋材料能够耐受的铸造温度在
男,50岁。吸烟10年,3天前饮酒后出现发热,TV39.2℃,伴咳嗽、咳少量黄痰,自服“头孢呋辛”无效,昨日咳出大量脓痰,自觉臭味,体温降至37.4℃。最可能的诊断是
《城市房地产管理法》规定:“国家实行房地产成交价格申报制度。房地产权利人转让房地产,应当向()如实申报成交价,不得瞒报或者做不实的申报。”
大数据是指数据规模巨大,类型多样且信息传播速度快的数据体系。它在生产经营、日常消费、商务活动等诸多领域源源不断地产生,积累、变化和发展,已被越来越多的企业视作重要的生产要素。大数据时代的到来,有助于企业()。①加强市场监管—提升服务质
Optimistsoutlivepessimists,anewstudyshows.Ofnearly100,000women【C1】______intheWomen’sHealthInitiative,thosewhoga
MuchoftheAmericananxietyaboutoldageisaflightfromtherealityofdeath.OneofthestrikingqualitiesoftheAmerican
I’d______youdidn’ttouchthat,ifyoudon’tmind.
A、Theyhaveashortmemory.B、Theyhavenotime.C、Theyareunknowledgeable.D、Theyhavelanguageinterference.D
最新回复
(
0
)