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  3. Personality is to a large extent inherent——A-type parents usually bring about A-type off-spring. But the environment must also h

Personality is to a large extent inherent——A-type parents usually bring about A-type off-spring. But the environment must also h

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问题     Personality is to a large extent inherent——A-type parents usually bring about A-type off-spring. But the environment must also have a (1)_____ effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a (2)_____ factor in the lives of their children.
    One place where children (3)_____ A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the ’win at all costs’ moral standard and (4)_____ their success by sporting (5)_____ The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-type seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too (6)_____ to win can have dangerous (7)_____: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped (8)_____ seconds after saying: "Rejoice, we (9)_____!"
    (10)_____ the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is rare that school (11)_____ pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat (12)_____, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
    Obviously, it is neither practical nor (13)_____ that all A-youngsters change into B’s. The world needs different kinds of person, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future (14)_____ It is top management.
    If the (15)_____ of schools with academic work was (16)_____, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the (17)_____ professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such (18)_____ as (19)_____ and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B’s are important and should be (20)_____.

选项 A、estimate
B、calculate
C、shape
D、measure
答案D
解析 动词辨析。measure success是"评价成功"的意思，而estimate与calculate都有"估计、估量"的意思，但侧重点在数量上而不是在抽象的东西上，shape不合题意。
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考研英语一

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