2. 外语
  3. When six out of ten people who had eaten the egg salad at an office party became ill shortly afterward, the leftover egg salad w

When six out of ten people who had eaten the egg salad at an office party became ill shortly afterward, the leftover egg salad w

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问题 When six out of ten people who had eaten the egg salad at an office party became ill shortly afterward, the leftover egg salad was tested. Testing failed to confirm the presence of any harmful bacteria in the egg salad. It follows that the egg salad was not responsible for the illness of any of the people who ate it. Which of the following is an error in the reasoning of the argument above?
选项 A、Treating the cause of a sequence of events as if it were the result of that sequence of events.
B、Rejecting a possible explanation without suggesting an alternative explanation.
C、Failing to consider the possibility that those who did not become ill shortly after eating the egg salad became ill later.
D、Treating a lack of proof that something is the case as constituting sufficient proof that it is not the case.
E、Overlooking the possibility that some people are more susceptible to harmful bacteria than are other people.
答案D
解析 在逻辑论证中，要使结论正确，一定要时刻注意推理的严密性。本题在论证中没有指出鸡蛋沙拉中的有害细菌是引起人生病的惟一原因，因此把检查未发现有害细菌作为生病不是起因于沙拉的证据就显得无力，也就是说本题结论所依赖的证据不足以证明结论正确。另外，由对“剩余的鸡蛋沙拉”的检查结果类推至“吃过的鸡蛋沙拉”，犯了类比推理的错误：“吃过的鸡蛋色拉”是生病的原因，但缺乏证据，而段落推理却把缺乏证据作为“吃过的鸡蛋色拉”不是原因的充分条件。(D)很好地描述了段落推理特点，所以，(D)为正确答案。(B)是容易误选的答案，本题在推理中确实“抛弃了一种可能的解释，却没有提出一种替代性的解释”，但这并不属于逻辑错误，在辩论中可以将别人提供的解释推翻来反驳其观点，而自己并不一定要提出更好的解释。(A)、(C)、(E)都是明显错误的选项。
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