首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—perious, countries, dramatic events, and great lea
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—perious, countries, dramatic events, and great lea
admin
2013-01-15
78
问题
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—perious, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It has also had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.
Anyone who has followed recent historical literature, can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjetcs come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions "What happened?" and "How did it happen?" have given way to the question "Why did it happen?" Prominent among the methods used to answer the question "Why" is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.
Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical context. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this practical use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed not just to psychology in general, but to Frendian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its "facts" not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their rightness of their theses. Psychohisotrians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the "deepest" explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth.
Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); ii also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity, Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circum stances.
In presenting her analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT ______.
选项
A、describe some of the criteria employed by traditional historians
B、question the adequacy of the psychohistorians’ interpretation of events
C、point out inconsistencies in the psychohistorians’ application if their methods
D、contrast the underlying assumptions of psychohistorians with those of traditional historians.
答案
B
解析
本文客观阐述了psychohistorians的研究方法和内容等,并没有对他们的方法置疑,故选项B不正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/2b2O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis______producesartificialcoldsurroun
TheheadquartersofthistextilecompanyisinNewYorkwhileits20______companiesarelocatedindifferentpartsoftheworl
"Dimpy,"asherfriendscallher,heardaboutthehazardsofsmokinginhealthclass."Theyshowedpicturesoflungsofpeoplew
Thereisa______differenceinmeaningbetweenthewords"surroundings"and"environment".
Inordertosurvivenowand______inthefuture,alltheworkingstaffmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyou
【66】Astateuniversitypresidentwasarrestedtodayandchargedwithimpersonateapoliceofficerbecame,theauthoritiessay,h
______near-perfectEnglishlanguageskills,thestudentswerekeentoexploreeveryaspectofAustralianculture,fromAussiee
Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,______thesamecompany.
Therehasbeenalotofhand-wringingoverthedeathofElizabethSteinberg.Withoutblaminganyoneinparticular,neighbors,fr
CornoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfoundit_____inCuba.
随机试题
依《保险法》第58条规定,保险标的发生部分损失的,自保险人履行给付保险金义务之日起( )日内,投保人可以解除合同;除合同另有约定外,保险人也可以解除合同,但应当提前( )日通知投保人。
按照《建筑工程施工劳务分包合同(示范文本)》GF—2003—0214,下列关于劳务报酬最终支付程序规定的表述中,正确的是()。
下列关于建造师执业的说法中,正确的是()。
实行会计电算化的单位,交接双方应将有关电子数据在计算机上进行实际操作,确认有关数据正确无误后,方可交接。()
人寿保险以外的其他保险的被保险人或者受益人,对保险人请求赔偿或者给付保险金的权利,自其知道保险事故发生之日起一年不行使而消灭。( )
甲企业是增值税一般纳税人,向乙商场销售服装1000件,每件不含税价格为80元。由于乙商场购买量大,甲企业按原价7折优惠销售,乙商场付款后,甲企业为乙商场开具的发票上“金额”栏分别注明了销售额和折扣额,则甲企业此项业务的增值税销项税额是()元。
Respectisnotincludedinthemarriagevows.Noillustratedbooksshowhowtoachieveit.Andyetitiscentraltoalasting,s
(2017年真题)1993年2月,七届全国人大常委会接受中共中央提出的修宪建议,形成宪法修正案(草案),提请八届全国人大一次会议审议,1993年3月,八届全国人大一次会议期间,2383名全国人大代表签名,以代表提案的方式向会议主席团提出“关于修改宪法部分
Findanalgebraicexpressiontorepresenteachofthefollowing.(a)Thesquareofyissubtractedfrom5,andtheresultismult
A—WAYINB—STAFFONLYC—TICKETHOLDERSONLYD—PHOTOGRAPHYPROHIBITEDE—DONOTPRO
最新回复
(
0
)