2. 外语
  3. According to von Kárman, a scientist seeks to understand what is; an engineer, to create what never. But dichotomies are seldom

According to von Kárman, a scientist seeks to understand what is; an engineer, to create what never. But dichotomies are seldom

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问题     According to von Kárman, a scientist seeks to understand what is; an engineer, to create what never. But dichotomies are seldom clear-cut. When a scientist proposes a truly new hypothesis about, say, the origin of the universe, that hypothesis “never was” prior to its articulation by that scientist. Einstein, certainly a prototypical scientist, took that view, criticizing physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach for having “thought that somehow theories arise by means of discovery rather than invention.” Science historian Thomas P. Hughes notes that to Einstein, invention was the manipulation not only of things but also of concepts. Einstein believed that an artifact was a materialized concept and that a hard-and-fast line between technology and science simply did not exist.
The author of the passage mentions Mach most likely in order to
选项 A、provide a contrast that illuminates Einstein’s view
B、identify an inspiration for von Karman’s views
C、show how perspectives on the nature of invention have changed over time
D、show how Einstein’s view of Mach influenced other scientists’ views about invention
E、illustrate Einstein’s and Mach’s opposing views about the value of technology
答案A
解析 作者在介绍完爱因斯坦的观点之后又介绍了和爱因斯坦完全对立的马赫的观点，其目的应该就是作对比，因此选项A正确。B项文中未提及。C项文中未提及。D项文中未提及。E项两个人确实是对立观点，但是他们的观点都是关于科学和技术界限的，而非技术的价值。
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