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  3. 1. There is an alarming possibility that our American economy is moving in the direction of what some people call a two-tier soc

1. There is an alarming possibility that our American economy is moving in the direction of what some people call a two-tier soc

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问题     1. There is an alarming possibility that our American economy is moving in the direction of what some people call a two-tier society — a large population of people with middle-class or higher incomes and values, with a considerable increase at the top, and a large number of people who have been economically and culturally uncoupled from the main society.
    2. What is most alarming is that the ladder that has connected the bottom to the top is now missing some important crossbars. There were certain industries, like the steel and auto industries, that provided more or less continuous ladders of jobs from the bottom to the top. You could enter as an unskilled person, acquire new skills, and move up the ladder into secure, unionized, better-paying jobs. But now these industries have been seriously put in danger, and their place as employers has been replaced by what I call the McDonald’s employers. More people work for McDonald’s than work for U S Steel, but McDonald’s has no ladder. The problem is serious.
    3. A great many economists, myself included, feel uneasy about the fact that 70 percent of the economy does what is called service work and only 30 percent does what is called goods-related work. New technology keeps entering the economy and bringing employment into disorder. When you look back at how the American economy developed, you see a migration off the farm into the factory and out of the factory into the office. The main push has come from technology. There has been relatively little new machinery to push people out of the office, but that’s changing now. If the computer creates jobs in the office, the service sector will increase and there will be no squeezing of employment. But if technology presses service people out of work, I don’t know where they are going to go.
    4. Personally, I think American optimism is in for a very severe challenge. We have always considered ourselves virtually to have a right to be number one in the world. But of course we don’t have any such right of assurance. And we have to be patiently prepared for unsettling fact that we are number two, or three, or four in many ways. In terms of health, for instance, we have fallen seriously behind, and that’s a big blow to our self-image.
    5. In the next 20 years the government will have to take active steps in providing work and income for the bottom one third of the population. The government unwillingly provides some sort of income, but it doesn’t provide work. And work is essential for people’s self-respect and also for the building of many kinds of basic frameworks that are needed in the country.
    Questions 1-5
    Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(2-5), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet, fro not mark any letter twice.
    A. Imbalance of service and goods-related work
    B. America as a polarized society
    C. Missing of ladders to the good jobs
    D. Technology policy of America
    E. Unemployment problems in America
    F. Necessity of providing work for the poor
    G. American optimism in challenge
Paragraph 5 ______
选项
答案G
解析 第4段论述了美国的乐观主义正在受到威胁。
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