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  3. While it is generally agreed that the power of large companies extends beyond the economic sphere, this influence is difficult t

While it is generally agreed that the power of large companies extends beyond the economic sphere, this influence is difficult t

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问题     While it is generally agreed that the power of large companies extends beyond the economic sphere, this influence is difficult to measure in any objective way. The processes of business entail at least some effort to ensure the sympathetic enactment and enforcement of legislation, since costs and earnings are affected by tax rates and government regulations. Companies and business groups send agents to local and national capitals and use such vehicles as advertising to enlist support for policies that they favor. Although, in many countries, companies may not legally contribute directly to candidates running for public office, their executives and stockholders may do so as individuals. Companies may, however, make payments to influence peddlers and contribute to committees working to pass or defeat legislative proposals. In practical terms, many lawmakers look upon companies as part of their constituency, although, if their districts depend on local plants, these lawmakers may be concerned more with preserving jobs than with protecting company profits. In any case, limited-liability companies are central institutions in society; it would be unrealistic to expect them to remain aloof from the political process that affects their operations, performance, and principles.
    The decisions made by company managements have ramifications throughout society. In effect, companies can decide which parts of the country or even which parts of the world will prosper and which will decline by choosing where to locate their plants and other installations. The giant companies not only decide what to produce but also help to instill in their customers a desire for the amenities that the companies make available. To the extent that large firms provide employment, their personnel requirements determine the curricula of schools and universities. For these reasons, individuals’ aspirations and dissatisfactions are likely to be influenced by large companies. This does not mean that large business firms can influence the public in any way they choose; it is simply that they are the only institutions available to perform certain functions. Automobiles, typewriters, frozen food, and electric toasters must come from company auspices if they are to be provided at all. Understanding this dependence as a given, companies tend to create an environment congenial to the conduct of their business.
All the following statements are true EXCEPT______.
选项 A、Lawmakers may pay more attention to preserving jobs than protecting company profits
B、Few decisions made by large companies have profound ramifications in society
C、Large companies cannot influence the public in any way they like
D、The operations of large companies are inevitably affected by government policies
答案B
解析 细节判断题。本题要求选出与原文内容不符的选项。选项A(立法人对自己工作岗位的关心胜过维护公司的利益)与原文第一段倒数第二句“立法人关心自己工作岗位胜过关心保护公司的利润”意思一致。选项C(大公司不能随心所欲影响公众)与位于第二段倒数第五行的“这并不是说大公司可以随意影响公众”意思一致。选项D(大公司的运作不可避免的受到政府政策的影响)与原文第一段第二句“因为生产成本和收人受到税率和政府规章制度的影响”意思一致。选项B(大公司的决策几乎不会对社会有深刻影响)与文章第二段第一句“公司领导层所作的决定影响到整个社会”意思不一致，故为正确答案。
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