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  3. Throughout history and through a cross-section of cultures, women have transformed their appearance to conform to a beauty ideal

Throughout history and through a cross-section of cultures, women have transformed their appearance to conform to a beauty ideal

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问题    Throughout history and through a cross-section of cultures, women have transformed their appearance to conform to a beauty ideal. American and European women in the 1800s cinched in their waists so tightly that some suffered internal damage. The North American ideal of beauty has continually focused on women’ s bodies: the tiny waist of the Victorian period, and the voluptuous curves that were the measure of beauty between the 1930s and 1950s. 【R1】______
   However, this relentless pursuit of thinness is not just an example of women trying to look their best, it is also a struggle for control, acceptance and success.
   【R2】______
   One of the negative psychological side effects associated with eating disorders is the patient’ s distortion of their own body image, body image being defined as the picture a person has in his mind of his own body, that is, the way his body appears to him. Many women who are caught up in the relentless pursuit of thinness also experience some degree of disturbed body image. 【R3】______
   【R4】______Women with perfectly normal bodies see themselves as being heavy; so that the definition of "normal" becomes inaccurate and this perceived normalcy is represented by a very small percentage of women. It follows that if body image is so closely linked to self-image, it is important for women to learn to feel comfortable with the body they live in, despite any "imperfections".
   【R5】______Advertising is a major vehicle for presenting images and forming attitudes. The majority of ads incorporate young, beautiful, slender models to present their products and services. While individual ads may not be seen as a big issue, it is the cumulative, unconscious impact that has an effect on attitudes toward women, and in women’s attitudes toward themselves. As women are consistently exposed to these feminine forms through both print and television, it becomes difficult to distinguish what is normal, and even more difficult not to compare themselves to this form.
   [A]The experiences and practices of women who "simply diet" are not radically different from those who are diagnosed with eating disorders. For some women, achieving the "perfect" body form becomes the most important goal in life.
   [B]Current standards emphasize a toned, slender look, one that exudes fitness, youth, and health. According to psychologist Eva Szekely, "Having to be attractive at this time... means unequivocally having to be thin. In North America today, thinness is a precondition for being perceived by others and oneself as healthy".
   [C]The images that are presented in advertising are designed to create an illusion, a fantasy ideal that will keep women continually consuming. Advertisers are well aware of the insecurities that most women feel about their own bodies.
   [D]So why is it that during this process of development so many women become dissatisfied, self-critical, and judgmental about their own bodies? One of the reasons may have to do with the media and various forms of advertising. Ads sell more than just products; they present an idea of normalcy, who we are and who we should be.
   [E]While women continue to struggle for equality on an economic scale and within their relationships, they still maintain control over their own bodies. It is important that women begin to accept themselves for who they are, regardless of their body type, and to feel comfortable with the body they live in.
   [F]In attempting to mould their appearance to meet the current ideal, numerous women are literally starving themselves to death. The incidence of eating disorders has doubled during the last two decades. This increase is no longer limited to women in their teens and twenties, but is increasingly diagnosed in patients in their thirties and forties.
   [G]Feelings about body are closely related to a woman’s sense of self; the body is perceived as acceptable or unacceptable, providing a foundation for self-concept. It is alarming, then, that almost 80% of women think they’re overweight. Body image has very little to do with the way a person actually looks; many women who appear to fit the ideal body type are actually dissatisfied with their appearance.
【R5】
选项
答案D
解析 本段谈广告是如何影响女人看待自己身体的。与广告相关的选项有C、D两项。C项主要谈论广告中的形象促使女人消费，但是这里提到的形象(the images)上文并未提及，C项存在文意表达不明的情况。而D项承接上文提出疑问“为什么女人会对自我形象不满”，紧接着，作者指出广告和媒体是造成这个情况的原因之一。正好与下文所阐述的广告影响女人对自我形象的定位一致，故选D项。
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