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  3. A Bullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbal—being taunted or called hurtful names—to the physical—being kicked or sh

A Bullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbal—being taunted or called hurtful names—to the physical—being kicked or sh

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问题     A Bullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbal—being taunted or called hurtful names—to the physical—being kicked or shoved—as well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly recalcitrant.
    Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare. Victimized pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offenses.
    Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. "There is no bullying at this school" has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying: "There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it."
    Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain. For example, the Scottish Council for Research in Education produced a package of materials, Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland in summer 2012, with a second pack, Supporting Schools Against Bullying, produced the following year. In Ireland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behavior in Post-Primary Schools was published in 2013. Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something.
    This comes from carefully conducted "before and after" evaluations of interventions in schools, monitored by a research team. In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period, bullying was halved. The Sheffield investigation, which involved sixteen primary schools and seven secondary schools, found that most schools succeeded in reducing bullying.
Children who are bullied________.
选项 A、are twice as likely to commit suicide as an average person
B、find it more difficult to associate with adults
C、may have difficulty forming relationships in later life
D、are less likely to be violent in later life
答案C
解析 本题题干关键词是Children who are bullied，题目问的是，遭受霸凌的儿童会出现什么情况，答案线索定位到第二段。根据第二段第三句，受到霸凌的小学生成年后更容易在人际沟通中遭遇困难 (experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults)，因此选项C与原文表达相同含义，为正确选项。根据第二段第二句，极端的霸凌会导致自杀，虽然庆幸的是此类事件比较罕见 (thankfully rare)，因此选项A属于正反混淆。选项B是对原文as adults的错误理解，原文意思是“被霸凌儿童长大成人后”，因此该选项曲解文意。根据第三句句末，那些经常实施霸凌的孩子长大后更有可能具有身体暴力倾向(grow up to be physically violent)，原文并没有说被霸凌的孩子长大后是否不大可能使用暴力，由此可见，选项D属于主观推导。第二段：霸凌给受霸凌者和实施霸凌者带来的不良影响。
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